Introduction to the Greek (New) Testament
Spring 2009
last update: 27 December 2008
Professor Sheila E. McGinn, Ph.D.
Tel: 216-397-3087
RL 205.51 (V, CS):  TH 9:30 A.M.–10:45 P.M., AD 258
RL 205.52 (V, CS):  TH 11:00 A.M.–12:15 P.M., AD 258
Prerequisites:  RL 101 or equivalent & an inquiring mind
Recommended companion courses:  Roman History; GK 101 or above
Consult Dr. McGinn
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
ASSIGNMENTS, QUIZZES, & EXAMINATIONS

ASSUMPTIONS & EXPECTATIONS
ATTENDANCE
CLASS SCHEDULE
CONFIDENTIALITY & PRIVACY POLICY
COURSE DESCRIPTION & PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS
COURSE GOALS & FORMAT
FIELD TRIP
GRADING
JESUIT EDUCATION & IGNATIAN PEDAGOGY
LEARNING CONTRACTS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
LEARNING TRACKS
REQUIRED TEXTS & RESOURCES
SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
TEXT-BASED & ON-LINE RESOURCES
TIMELINESS

portraits of three RomansCOURSE DESCRIPTION & PEDAGOGICAL PROCESS
T
his course is introduces the participants to the earliest Christian communities and the collection of literature which they produced—i.e., the Second or “New” Testament in the Christian Bible (abbreviated GNT). Some aspects considered are:  the origins, formation, and development of thesecommunities as they interact with their socio-political environment; their different Institute of Catholic Studies Sealtheologicalperspectives—in regard to Jesus, his life, teachings, death and resurrection, and hiscommunity of disciples—and how these are influenced by their historical, cultural,economic, political, and socialcontexts; the influence of Paul; and the apocalyptic perspective of early Christians.
     RL 205 is part of the University core curriculum both for Division V and for the "S" Internation Studies area, as well as a course in the Catholic Studies concentration.

REFLECTIONS on JESUIT EDUCATION & IGNATIAN PEDAGOGY (based in part on a talk given in September 2005 by the Rev. Peter-Hans Kolvenbach, S.J., Superior General of the Society of Jesus)
Ignatius of Loyola     Since the founding of their first school in 1548, the Society of Jesus has been committed to educating the whole person, head and heart, intellect and feelings. Disciplined studies engaging critical thinking are constitutive of the call to human excellence. The “product” of a Jesuit education is not a parrot repeating rote knowledge, but a person who exhibits precision of thought, eloquence of speech, moral excellence, and social responsibility. Ignatian pedagogy entails an apprenticeship where teachers “accompany learners in the lifelong pursuit of competence, conscience, and compassionate commitment”—a radically different process than the “banking” model ubiquitous in other educational settings. It goes without saying that, from this vantage point, the idea of taking a course "for a grade" simply makes no sense.

SJ SealSO WHAT? The ramifications of this pedagogical stance are manifold. First and foremost, it requires students to be active learners. Of course, no one can coach someone who does not want to learn; but, more importantly, what is most significant in Jesuit education—i.e., the drive for excellence, the compassion for others, the commitment to justice—cannot be “taught” but must be “caught.” Teachers can prod, cajole, encourage, dare, and/or provoke, but the student must rise to the challenge. [More fun, of course, is when the student comes to the class and prods, cajoles, encourages, dares, and/or provokes the professor. Turn about is fair play.] Secondly, Ignatian pedagogy assumes that only God has the fullness of wisdom. Teachers are not divine oracles, but expert learners who guide students in the discovery of knowledge. The best compliment in such a case is to have a student say on a course evaluation, “He/she didn’t teach; I used the textbook/ Blackboard/ website and learned it all myself.” Thirdly, Jesuit educators really are “professors”: they are committed to certain values and ideals grounded in the Judaeo-Christian tradition, and especially in the teaching and example of Jesus himself. Not all values are created equal; some are better than others. Helping students discern the best, and then to act on it, is an integral part of the pedagogical process. One could continue, but you get the idea.

WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME?
The students who will get the most out of this course are those who want to learn what the New Testament “says,” how, and why it conveys different messages to different people. There are different pathways by which this learning can proceed, as illustrated by the “Learning Tracks.” By creating an individual “Learning Contract,” each student can “customize” the course to mesh with her/his specific needs and interests. The “tracks” provide basic models for such an individualize program of study. Many students are not accustomed to being “in charge” of their education in this way, having been acculturated to a “passive learning” model. If you are one of those students, this kind of freedom may be enticing, but likewise the responsibility may seem a bit daunting. Trust yourself, take some risks, keep re-evaluating how your plan is working, and don’t forget that your professor/“coach” can be of tremendous help.
CLASS FORMAT includes lectures, discussions, careful reading of assigned texts, occasional film clips and slides, and various other activities depending upon which learning track the student pursues. We also will include a “Middle Eastern Culture” field trip for those who are able to arrange it.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Through the successful completion of this course, a student will be able to:
  1. Demonstrate basic knowledge of the field of NT study, including:
    1. Key terms relating to NT study
    2. Significant personages of the first century CE
    3. The basic outline of Jesus' life and ministry
    4. Dates of the significant events and key writings of the NT
    5. Key themes and characteristics of each of the canonical gospels and of the Pauline corpus
  1. Comprehension:
    1. Identify the key themes of Jesus' message and explicate their significance in his cultural context
    2. Outline and explain the significance of the relationship of the Jesus-movement to the various trajectories of first-century CE Judaism

  2. Application: Delineate and exemplify the Roman Catholic view of Scripture and its interpretation

  3. Analysis: Engage in academic research relating to New Testament interpretation, including:
    1. Showing familiarity with current scholarship on a topic of interest
    2. Demonstrating the use of basic historical-critical methods of analysis
    3. Making fruitful use of the standard reference tools for GNT study (e.g., Bible commentaries, critical apparatuses)
    4. Constructing a clearly written argument in support of a thesis
  1. Meet other objectives specific to one of the following “tracks” of study
    1. Track A (Basic model): "I Just Want to Know What It Says"
      1. Application: Show how to do a synoptic analysis of a NT passage, and explain what it says about the historical record of Jesus' words/deeds.
      2. Synthesis: Create a Storyboard for a "Life of Jesus" game illustrating what other alternatives scenarios Jesus might have experienced or what other life choices he might have made, given his historico-cultural context.
    2. Track B: NT and Social Justice
      1. Application: Identify key NT attitudes, examples, and teachings with respect to social justice.
      2. Analysis: Identify one critique the NT provokes concerning contemporary U.S./Ohio/Cleveland social structures.
      3. Synthesis: Integrate the understanding of the gospel with the actual praxis of it in addressing a specific, concrete, contemporary social problem.
      4. Action: Exemplify how the gospel energizes believers to concrete action to foster social justice (e.g., the traditional "works of mercy," political action).
    3. Track C: NT Spirituality
      1. Application: Identify key NT resources for contemporary Christian spirituality.
      2. Analysis: Identify one critique the NT raises concerning contemporary American attitudes toward “spirituality.”
      3. Synthesis: Integrate the understanding of the gospel with the actual praxis of it in a daily life in imitatio Christi.
      4. Action: Exemplify how the NT energizes the Christian faith-life through study, prayer, and praxis.

  2. Synthesis: Delineate a coherent theology of work that distinguishes between a “career” and the Biblical understanding of “vocation.”
Achievement of these objectives will be measured by the following course assignments. (For more details, see this page.)
  1. Objectives #1–3—Quizzes & Examinations
  2. Objectives #1–2—Creative History Papers/Gospel Commercial
  3. Objectives #6—“Vocation” essay
  4. Objectives #4–5—Course Projects
REQUIRED TEXTS & RESOURCES
  1. The Greek New Testament (USB4 or NA27) &/or a contemporary English translation of the Bible, with annotations, cross-references, maps, and other study aids. The best available English translations are the NRSV (e.g., the Catholic Study Bible from Oxford University Press), the NAB (e.g., St. Joseph's Study Edition from the NCCB), and the NJB.
  2. Harris, Stephen L. The New Testament: A Student's Introduction, 6th ed. (Boston, etc.: McGraw-Hill, 2006). ISBN 0-07-287601-8.
  3. Ralph, Margaret Nutting. And God Said What? An Introduction to Biblical Literary Forms, rev. ed. (New York/Mahwah: Paulist, 2003). ISBN 0-8091-4129-9.
  4. Sheila E. McGinn, RL 205 web materials (A CD containing these readings can be provided upon request.)
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
  • Aland, Kurt, ed. Synopsis of the Four Gospels. Revised English Edition. American Bible Society, 1985. ISBN 0826705006.
  • Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the New Testament.  New York: Doubleday, 1999.
  • Collins, Raymond. Introduction to the New Testament. New York: Doubleday/Image, 1983.
  • McGinn, Sheila E., ed. Celebrating Romans: Template for Pauline Theology. Essays in Honor of Robert Jewett. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2004. ISBN 0-8028-2839-6.
  • Schüssler Fiorenza, Elisabeth. In Memory of Her (New York: Crossroad, 1984, 1994).
Follow this link to other recommended resources.
ASSIGNMENTS, QUIZZES, & EXAMINATIONS
Various written assignments, quizzes, and examinations will be used to facilitate and assess the student's achievement of the course objectives. The cumulative final exam is required of only those students who have an average test score below 75%. See the Class Schedule for specific due dates for assignments and test dates. Follow this link to see the available options for writing assignments.
ASSUMPTIONS
This is an introductory survey of the New Testament, so students are not assumed to have any prior knowledge of the finer points of early Christian history or of the NT writings. However, since the RL 101 is pre-requisite to this course, students are assumed to understand the academic definitions of such theological terms as symbol, myth, scriptures, and revelation. In addition, as a college-level introduction, students are expected to have some basic familiarity with the Bible (e.g., how to find the various books it comprises, how to use standard citations for Biblical passages) and with the Biblical world (e.g., in what geographic area and during what historical period these books were produced). It also is assumed that students will have a general idea of who Jesus was (e.g., where and when he lived), and the inclination and ability to consult reference materials when necessary to fill in any gaps in such basic background knowledge. Naturally, those with a broader understanding of NT personages and of Greco-Roman history will have an easier "learning curve" than those for whom this will be the first time they are exposed to the subject matter. I constructed the site of "Introductory Materials for Biblical Studies" as a resource for students who find themselves in the latter position; if this is the case for you, your best remedy will be to consult this material early and often.
EXPECTATIONS
Students are expected to come to each class dressed appropriately for a work environment and prepared to participate actively in class activities; to do the assigned readings before each class meeting (including any background material necessary for that individual); to participate actively in class discussions and field trips; to complete the required examinations successfully; and to submit quality, original written work on time. The list of readings and topics for each class session can be found on the Schedule page.
     Basic rules of politeness apply in class as well as elsewhere. Eating in front of others is both distracting and impolite; anyone who wants to eat in class is expected to bring enough to share with the entire class. No cell phones are permitted in class. Anyone phone that is visible in the classroom—whether before, during, or after class—is subject to confiscation. Make sure your phone is turned off before entering the classroom. Anyone whose phone rings during class must bring treats for the entire class the next day.
     Click here for further details on "How to Succeed" in college.
The Roman Theater at Ephesus had a seating capacity  equivalent to that of Cleveland's Jacobs Field (about 45,000)FIELD TRIP
Typically this class includes a required field trip to the Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) and to a local Greek restaurant. Other than going to study in the Middle East, studying the art and artifacts from the time and place of Jesus and his followers is the best substitute we have. Previous participants have given these trips rave reviews. They are an opportunity for the members of the class to get to know each other in a less structured setting, and to have fun while learning about Near Eastern culture. And it's not bad getting credit for eating and touring a Museum.
     Unfortunately, the live tour of the museum may be precluded by their current construction project. So, if we cannot visit in person, we will substitute a "virtual tour" of the CMA collection of Greek and Roman art via the museum website. This brief tour guide (the traffic patterns for which are based on the previous physical layout of the CMA galleries) provides suggestions of where to focus your attentions.
     Regardless of whether the CMA is available, we will visit the restaurant in person. (Virtual touring is one thing, but virtual eating? No way!)
     The luncheon trip will be during class time, but it will take longer than our regular class period. I have scheduled two different days for the trip, to try to minimize schedule conflicts with your other classes. If any of you need a note for your other professor(s) to verify why you will miss class, I am happy to provide one, but please recognize that you should be asking her/his permission; I cannot require you to miss one of your other classes. If you have an unavoidable conflict for both the scheduled dates, see me and we will try to work out an alternative. Papers from self-guided tours are due one week after the last scheduled field trip.
GRADING(NB: See here for the grading scale. See here for sample grade chart.
Trophy 20% APPA
50% Written Assignments (Essays & Course Projects)
30% Quizzes & Examinations
APPA [= Attendance, Preparation, Participation, Attentiveness].
     Students benefit from interaction with their classmates, and they learn better when they are prepared for class. The baseline APPA score (what you have on the first day of class) is a "0." Every contribution to class vitality will raise your APPA score. See this page for further details.
     Attendance is expected at every class meeting. More than three unexcused absences will have a seriously deleterious affect upon the final course grade. See this page for further details.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY
The University expects that students will submit their own original work and properly cite sources for their ideas, including the Bible, web pages, handouts, class notes, and ideas from other students. I am sure that you intend to do this. Be sure you understand what academic integrity comprises so you can live up to it. Remember, "ignorance is no defense under the law"; you are required to know.

little devil
  • E.g., do not "loan" papers or other assignments to friends, nor let them copy off your paper on a quiz or exam; this counts as academic dishonesty, too, and you face the same penalties as those who take the assignments and submit the ideas as their own.
  • If you work with other class members to prepare an assignment, either submit the assignment jointly (one paper with both names on it) or be sure to credit the other person's ideas so it will not look like you have copied them.
  • Bibles are permitted for all examinations, but not notes; so, if you annotate your Bible, be sure you have a pristine copy to use for the tests.

     Any student who violates academic integrity will earn an "F" for the course. Every semester there is at least one student who chooses to test this policy and then is very upset when it is implemented; do not be that student. See the appropriate section of the JCU Community Standards Manual for further clarification.

CONFIDENTIALITY & PRIVACY POLICY
Universities always have maintained confidentiality of students’ transcripts and other records. In an attempt to establish more uniformity in this regard, the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) established clear guidelines concerning which records can be available to whom and by what means. Students should be aware of the following policies that conform to FERPA.

  • Students always have a right to see their own grades and discuss them with the Instructor.
  • Students do not have a right to see or discuss anyone else’s grades.
  • Thus, without a written release from the other student, one cannot “do a friend a favor” by retrieving another student's graded assignment.
  • The Instructor cannot discuss a student’s grades with parents, fraternity or sorority officers, or other non-university personnel without a written release from the student.
  • The Instructor will not discuss grades via email or other insecure communications media. To preserve your own privacy, please see me in person or call from a land-based telephone line.
SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Students with documented disabilities are entitled to necessary and reasonable accommodations. If you believe you need accommodations, consult JCU's Coordinator for Students with Disabilities as soon as possible so that timely arrangements can be made. Accommodations cannot be granted retroactively.
This site designed and maintained by
Sheila E. McGinn, Ph.D.
Professor of Religious Studies
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