TITLE I: THE OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF ALL CHRIST’S FAITHFUL
Can. 208 Flowing from their
rebirth in Christ, there is a genuine equality of dignity and action among
all of Christ’s faithful. Because of this equality they all contribute,
each according to his or her own condition and office, to the building
up of the Body of Christ.
Can. 209 §1 Christ’s
faithful are bound to preserve their communion with the Church at all
times, even in their external actions.
§2 They are to carry out with great diligence their responsibilities
towards both the universal Church and the particular Church to which by
law they belong.
Can. 210 All Christ’s
faithful, each according to his or her own condition, must make a wholehearted
effort to lead a holy life, and to promote the growth of the Church and
its continual sanctification.
Can. 211 All Christ’s
faithful have the obligation and the right to strive so that the divine
message of salvation may more and more reach all people of all times and
all places.
Can. 212 §1 Christ’s
faithful, conscious of their own responsibility, are bound to show Christian
obedience to what the sacred Pastors, who represent Christ, declare as
teachers of the faith and prescribe as rulers of the Church.
§2 Christ’s faithful are at liberty to make known their needs,
especially their spiritual needs, and their wishes to the Pastors of the
Church.
§3 They have the right, indeed at times the duty, in keeping with
their knowledge, competence and position, to manifest to the sacred Pastors
their views on matters which concern the good of the Church. They have
the right also to make their views known to others of Christ’s faithful,
but in doing so they must always respect the integrity of faith and morals,
show due reverence to the Pastors and take into account both the common
good and the dignity of individuals.
Can. 213 Christ’s
faithful have the right to be assisted by their Pastors from the spiritual
riches of the Church, especially by the word of God and the sacraments.
Can. 214 Christ’s
faithful have the right to worship God according to the provisions of
their own rite approved by the lawful Pastors of the Church; they also
have the right to follow their own form of spiritual life, provided it
is in accord with Church teaching.
Can. 215 Christ’s faithful
may freely establish and direct associations which serve charitable or
pious purposes or which foster the Christian vocation in the world, and
they may hold meetings to pursue these purposes by common effort.
Can. 216 Since they share
the Church’s mission, all Christ’s faithful have the right
to promote and support apostolic action, by their own initiative, undertaken
according to their state and condition. No initiative, however, can lay
claim to the title ‘catholic’ without the consent of the competent
ecclesiastical authority.
Can. 217 Since Christ’s
faithful are called by baptism to lead a life in harmony with the gospel
teaching, they have the right to a Christian education, which genuinely
teaches them to strive for the maturity of the human person and at the
same time to know and live the mystery of salvation.
Can. 218 Those who are engaged
in fields of sacred study have a just freedom to research matters in which
they are expert and to express themselves prudently concerning them, with
due allegiance to the magisterium
of the Church.
Can. 219 All Christ’s
faithful have the right to immunity from any kind of coercion in choosing
a state in life.
Can. 220 No one may unlawfully
harm the good reputation which a person enjoys, or violate the right of
every person to protect his or her privacy.
Can. 221 §1 Christ’s
faithful may lawfully vindicate and defend the rights they enjoy in the
Church, before the competent ecclesiastical forum in accordance with the
law.
§2 If any members of Christ’s faithful are summoned to trial
by the competent authority, they have the right to be judged according
to the provisions of the law, to be applied with equity.
§3 Christ’s faithful have the right that no canonical penalties
be inflicted upon them except in accordance with the law.
Can. 222 §1 Christ’s
faithful have the obligation to provide for the needs of the Church, so
that the Church has available to it those things which are necessary for
divine worship, for apostolic and charitable work and for the worthy support
of its ministers.
§2 They are also obliged to promote social justice and, mindful of
the Lord’s precept, to help the poor from their own resources.
Can. 223 §1 In exercising
their rights, Christ’s faithful, both individually and in associations,
must take account of the common good of the Church, as well as the rights
of others and their own duties to others.
§2 Ecclesiastical authority is entitled to regulate, in view of the
common good, the exercise of rights which are proper to Christ’s
faithful. |
TITULUS I: DE OMNIUM CHRISTIFIDELIUM OBLIGATIONIBUS
ET IURIBUS
Can. 208 - Inter christifideles omnes, ex eorum quidem in Christo
regeneratione, vera viget quoad dignitatem et actionem aequalitas, qua
cuncti, secundum propriam cuiusque condicionem et munus, ad aedificationem
Corporis Christi cooperantur.
Can. 209 - § 1. Christifideles obligatione adstringuntur, sua quoque
ipsorum agendi ratione, ad communionem semper servandam cum Ecclesia.
§ 2. Magna cum diligentia officia adimpleant, quibus tenentur erga Ecclesiam
tum universam, tum particularem ad quam, secundum iuris praescripta, pertinent.
Can. 210 - Omnes christifideles, secundum propriam condicionem,
ad sanctam vitam ducendam atque ad Ecclesiae incrementum eiusque iugem
sanctificationem promovendam vires suas conferre debent.
Can. 211 - Omnes christifideles officium habent et ius allaborandi
ut divinum salutis nuntium ad universos homines omnium temporum ac totius
orbis magis magisque perveniat.
Can. 212 - § 1. Quae sacri Pastores, utpote Christum repraesentantes,
tamquam fidei magistri declarant aut tamquam Ecclesiae rectores statuunt,
christifideles, propriae responsabilitatis conscii, christiana oboedientia
prosequi tenentur.
§ 2. Christifidelibus integrum est, ut necessitates suas, praesertim spirituales,
suaque optata Ecclesiae Pastoribus patefaciant.
§ 3. Pro scientia, competentia et praestantia quibus pollent, ipsis ius
est, immo et aliquando officium, ut sententiam suam de hisquae ad bonum
Ecclesiae pertinent sacris Pastoribus manifestent eamque, salva fidei
morumque integritate ac reverentia erga Pastores, attentisque communi
utilitate et personarum dignitate, ceteris christifidelibus notam faciant.
Can. 213 - Ius est christifidelibus ut ex spiritualibus Ecclesiae
bonis, praesertim ex verbo Dei et sacramentis, adiumenta a sacris Pastoribus
accipiant.
Can. 214 - Ius est christifidelibus, ut cultum Deo persolvant iuxta
praescripta proprii ritus a legitimis Ecclesiae Pastoribus approbati,
utque propriam vitae spiritualis formam sequantur, doctrinae quidem Ecclesiae
consentaneam.
Can. 215 - Integrum est christifidelibus, ut libere condant atque
moderentur consociationes ad fines caritatis vel pietatis, aut ad vocationem
christianam in mundo fovendam, utque conventus habeant ad eosdem fines
in communi persequendos.
Can. 216 - Christifideles cuncti, quippe qui Ecclesiae missionem
participent, ius habent ut propriis quoque inceptis, secundum suum quisque
statum et condicionem, apostolicam actionem promoveant vel sustineant;
nullum tamen inceptum nomen catholicum sibi vindicet, nisi consensus accesserit
competentis auctoritatis ecclesiasticae.
Can. 217 - Christifideles, quippe qui baptismo ad vitam doctrinae
evangelicae congruentem ducendam vocentur, ius habent ad educationem christianam,
qua ad maturitatem humanae personae prosequendam atque simul ad mysterium
salutis cognoscendum et vivendum rite instruantur.
Can. 218 - Qui disciplinis sacris incumbunt iusta libertate fruuntur
inquirendi necnon mentem suam prudenter in iis aperiendi, inquibus peritia
gaudent, servato debito erga Ecclesiae magisterium obsequio.
Can. 219 - Christifideles omnes iure gaudent ut a quacumque coactione
sint immunes in statu vitae eligendo.
Can. 220 - Nemini licet bonam famam, qua quis gaudet, illegitime
laedere, nec ius cuiusque personae ad propriam intimitatem tuendam violare.
Can. 221 - § 1. Christifidelibus competit ut iura, quibus in Ecclesia
gaudent, legitime vindicent atque defendant in foro competenti ecclesiastico
ad normam iuris.
§ 2. Christifidelibus ius quoque est ut, si ad iudicium ab auctoritate
competenti vocentur, iudicentur servatis iuris praescriptis, cum aequitate
applicandis.
§ 3. Christifidelibus ius est, ne poenis canonicis nisi ad normam legis
plectantur.
Can. 222 - § 1. Christifideles obligatione tenentur necessitatibus
subveniendi Ecclesiae, ut eidem praesto sint quae ad cultum divinum, ad
opera apostolatus et caritatis atque ad honestam ministrorum sustentationem
necessaria sunt.
§ 2. Obligatione quoque tenentur iustitiam socialem promovendi necnon,
praecepti Domini memores, ex propriis reditibus pauperibus subveniendi.
Can. 223 - § 1. In iuribus suis exercendis christifideles tum singuli
tum in consociationibus adunati rationem habere debent boni communis Ecclesiae
necnon iurium aliorum atque suorum erga alios officiorum.
§ 2. Ecclesiasticae auctoritati competit, intuitu boni communis, exercitium
iurium, quae christifidelibus sunt propria, moderari. |
TITLE II: THE OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF THE LAY MEMBERS OF CHRIST’S
FAITHFUL
Can. 224 Lay members of Christ’s
faithful have the duties and rights enumerated in the canons of this title,
in addition to those duties and rights which are common to all Christ’s
faithful and those stated in other canons.
Can. 225 §1 Since lay
people, like all Christ’s faithful, are deputed to the apostolate
by baptism and confirmation, they are bound by the general obligation
and they have the right, whether as individuals or in associations, to
strive so that the divine message of salvation may be known and accepted
by all people throughout the world. This obligation is all the more insistent
in circumstances in which only through them are people able to hear the
Gospel and to know Christ.
§2 They have also, according to the condition of each, the special
obligation to permeate and perfect the temporal order of things with the
spirit of the Gospel. In this way, particularly in conducting secular
business and exercising secular functions, they are to give witness to
Christ.
Can. 226 §1 Those who
are married are bound by the special obligation, in accordance with their
own vocation, to strive for the building up of the people of God through
their marriage and family.
§2 Because they gave life to their children, parents have the most
serious obligation and the right to educate them. It is therefore primarily
the responsibility of Christian parents to ensure the Christian education
of their children in accordance with the teaching of the Church.
Can. 227 To lay members of
Christ’s faithful belongs the right to have acknowledged as theirs
that freedom in secular affairs which is common to all citizens. In using
this freedom, however, they are to ensure that their actions are permeated
with the spirit of the Gospel, and they are to heed the teaching of the
Church proposed by the magisterium,
but they must be on guard, in questions of opinion, against proposing
their own view as the teaching of the Church.
Can. 228 §1 Lay people
who are found to be suitable are capable of being admitted by the sacred
Pastors to those ecclesiastical offices and functions which, in accordance
with the provisions of law, they can discharge.
§2 Lay people who are outstanding in the requisite knowledge, prudence
and integrity, are capable of being experts or advisors, even in councils
in accordance with the law, in order to provide assistance to the Pastors
of the Church.
Can. 229 §1 Lay people
have the duty and the right to acquire the knowledge of Christian teaching
which is appropriate to each one’s capacity and condition, so that
they may be able to live according to this teaching, to proclaim it and
if necessary to defend it, and may be capable of playing their part in
the exercise of the apostolate.
§2 They also have the right to acquire that fuller knowledge of the
sacred sciences which is taught in ecclesiastical universities or faculties
or in institutes of religious sciences, attending lectures there and acquiring
academic degrees.
§3 Likewise, assuming that the provisions concerning the requisite
suitability have been observed, they are capable of receiving from the
lawful ecclesiastical authority a mandate to teach the sacred sciences.
Can. 230 §1 Lay men whose
age and talents meet the requirements prescribed by decree of the Episcopal
Conference, can be given the stable ministry of lector and of acolyte,
through the prescribed liturgical rite. This conferral of ministry does
not, however, give them a right to sustenance or remuneration from the
Church.
§2 Lay people can receive a temporary assignment to the role of lector
in liturgical actions. Likewise, all lay people can exercise the roles
of commentator, cantor or other such, in accordance with the law.
§3 Where the needs of the Church require and ministers are not available,
lay people, even though they are not lectors or acolytes, can supply certain
of their functions, that is, exercise the ministry of the word, preside
over liturgical prayers, confer baptism and distribute Holy Communion,
in accordance with the provisions of the law.
Can. 231 §1 Lay people
who are pledged to the special service of the Church, whether permanently
or for a time, have a duty to acquire the appropriate formation which
their role demands, so that they may conscientiously, earnestly and diligently
fulfil this role.
§2 Without prejudice to the provisions of Can. 230 §1, they
have the right to a worthy remuneration befitting their condition, whereby,
with due regard also to the provisions of the civil law, they can becomingly
provide for their own needs and the needs of their families. Likewise,
they have the right to have their insurance, social security and medical
benefits duly safeguarded. |
TITULUS II: DE OBLIGATIONIBUS ET IURIBUS CHRISTIFIDELIUM LAICORUM
Can. 224 - Christifideles laici, praeter eas obligationes et iura,
quae cunctis christifidelibus sunt communia et ea quae in aliis canonibus
statuuntur, obligationibus tenentur et iuribus gaudent quae in canonibus
huius tituli recensentur.
Can. 225 - § 1. Laici, quippe qui uti omnes christifideles ad apostolatum
a Deo per baptismum et confirmationem deputentur, generali obligatione
tenentur et iure gaudent, sive singuli sive in consociationibus coniuncti,
allaborandi ut divinum salutis nuntium ab universis hominibus ubique terrarum
cognoscatur et accipiatur; quae obligatio eo vel magis urget iis in adiunctis,
in quibus nonnisi per ipsos Evangelium audire et Christum cognoscere homines
possunt.
§ 2. Hoc etiam peculiari adstringuntur officio, unusquisque quidem secundum
propriam condicionem, ut rerum temporalium ordinem spiritu evangelico
imbuant atque perficiant, et ita specialiter in iisdem rebus gerendis
atque in muneribus saecularibus exercendis Christi testimonium reddant.
Can. 226 - § 1. Qui in statu coniugali vivunt, iuxta propriam vocationem,
peculiari officio tenentur per matrimonium et familiam ad aedificationem
populi Dei allaborandi.
§ 2. Parentes, cum vitam filiis contulerint, gravissima obligatione tenentur
et iure gaudent eos educandi; ideo parentum christianorum imprimis est
christianam filiorum educationem secundum doctrinam ab Ecclesia traditam
curare.
Can. 227 - Ius est christifidelibus laicis, ut ipsis agnoscatur
ea in rebus civitatis terrenae libertas, quae omnibus civibus competit;
eadem tamen libertate utentes, curent ut suae actiones spiritu evangelico
imbuantur, et ad doctrinam attendant ab Ecclesiae magisterio propositam,
caventes tamen ne in quaestionibus opinabilibus propriam sententiam uti
doctrinam Ecclesiae proponant.
Can. 228 - § 1. Laici qui idonei reperiantur, sunt habiles ut a
sacris Pastoribus ad illa officia ecclesiastica et munera assumantur,
quibus ipsi secundum iuris praescripta fungi valent. § 2. Laici debita
scientia, prudentia et honestate praestantes, habiles sunt tamquam periti
aut consiliarii, etiam in consiliis ad normam iuris, ad Ecclesiae Pastoribus
adiutorium praebendum.
Can. 229 - § 1. Laici, ut secundum doctrinam christianam vivere
valeant, eandemque et ipsi enuntiare atque, si opus sit, defendere possint,
utque in apostolatu exercendo partem suam habere queant, obligatione tenentur
et iure gaudent acquirendi eiusdem doctrinae cognitionem, propriae uniuscuiusque
capacitati et condicioni aptatam.
§ 2. Iure quoque gaudent pleniorem illam in scientiis sacris acquirendi
cognitionem, quae in ecclesiasticis universitatibus facultatibusve aut
in institutis scientiarium religiosarum traduntur, ibidem lectiones frequentando
et gradus academicos consequendo.
§ 3. Item, servatis praescriptis quoad idoneitatem requisitam statutis,
habiles sunt ad mandatum docendi scientias sacras a legitima auctoritate
ecclesiastica recipiendum.
Can. 230 - § 1. Viri laici, qui aetate dotibusque pollent Episcoporum
conferentiae decreto statutis, per ritum liturgicum praescriptum ad ministeria
lectoris et acolythi stabiliter assumi possunt; quae tamen ministeriorum
collatio eisdem ius non confert ad sustentationem remunerationemve ab
Ecclesia praestandam.
§ 2. Laici ex temporanea deputatione in actionibus liturgicis munus lectoris
implere possunt; item omnes laici muneribus commentatoris, cantoris aliisve
ad normam iuris fungi possunt.
§ 3. Ubi Ecclesiae necessitas id suadeat, deficientibus ministris, possunt
etiam laici, etsi non sint lectores vel acolythi, quaedam eorundem officia
supplere, videlicet ministerium verbi exercere, precibus liturgicis praeesse,
baptismum conferre atque sacram Communionem distribuere, iuxta iuris praescriptas.
Can. 231 - § 1. Laici, qui permanenter aut ad tempus speciali Ecclesiae
servitio addicuntur, obligatione tenentur ut aptam acquirant formationem
ad munus suum debite implendum requisitam, utque hoc munus conscie impense
et diligenter adimpleant.
§ 2. Firmo praescripto Can. 230, § 1, ius habent ad honestam remunerationem
suae condicioni aptatam, qua decenter, servatis quoque iuris civilis praescriptis,
necessitatibus propriis ac familiae providere valeant; itemque iis ius
competit ut ipsorum praevidentiae et securitati sociali et assistentiae
sanitariae, quam dicunt, debite prospiciatur. |
TITLE III: SACRED MINISTERS OR CLERICS
CHAPTER I : THE FORMATION OF CLERICS
Can. 232 It is the duty and
the proper and exclusive right of the Church to train those who are deputed
to sacred ministries.
Can. 233 §1 It is the
duty of the whole Christian community to foster vocations so that the
needs of the sacred ministry are sufficiently met in the entire Church.
In particular, this duty binds Christian families, educa tors and, in
a special way, priests, especially parish priests. DiocesanBishops, who
must show the greatest concern to promote vocations, are to instruct the
people entrusted to them on the importance of the sacred ministry and
the need for ministers in the Church. They are to encourage and support
initiatives to promote vocations, especially movements established for
this purpose.
§2 Moreover, priests and especially diocesan Bishops are to be solicitous
that men of more mature years who believe they are called to the sacred
ministries are prudently assisted by word and deed and are duly prepared.
Can. 234 §1 Minor seminaries
and other institutions of a similar nature promote vocations by providing
a special religious formation, allied to human and scientific education
where they exist, they are to be retained and fostered. Indeed, where
the diocesan Bishop considers it expedient, he is to provide for the establishment
of a minor seminary or similar institution.
§2 Unless the circumstances of certain situations suggest otherwise,
young men who aspire to the priesthood are to receive that same human
and scientific formation which prepares their peers in their region for
higher studies.
Can. 235 §1 Young men
who intend to become priests are to receive the appropriate religious
formation and instruction in the duties proper to the priesthood in a
major seminary, for the whole of the time of formation or, if in the judgement
of the diocesan Bishop circumstances require it, for at least four years.
§2 Those who lawfully reside outside the seminary are to be entrusted
by the diocesan Bishop to a devout and suitable priest, who will ensure
that they are carefully formed in the spiritual life and in discipline.
Can. 236 Those who aspire
to the permanent diaconate are to be formed in the spiritual life and
appropriately instructed in the fulfilment of the duties proper to that
order, in accordance with the provisions made by the Episcopal Conference:
1° young men are to reside for at least three years in a special houseunless
the diocesan Bishop for grave reasons decides otherwise,
2° men of more mature years, whether celibate or married, are toprepare
for three years in a manner determined by the same Episcopal Conference.
Can. 237 §1 Where it
is possible and advisable, each diocese is to have a major seminary; otherwise,
students preparing for the sacred ministries are to be sent to the seminary
of another diocese, or an inter diocesan seminary is to be established.
§2 An inter diocesan seminary may not be established unless the prior
approval of the Apostolic See has been obtained, both for the establishment
of the seminary and for its statutes. Approval is also required from the
Episcopal Conference if the seminary is for the whole of its territory;
otherwise, from the Bishops concerned.
Can. 238 §1 Seminaries
which are lawfully established have juridical personality in the Church
by virtue of the law itself.
§2 In the conduct of all its affairs, the rector acts in the person
of the seminary, unless for certain matters the competent authority has
prescribed otherwise.
Can. 239 §1 In all seminaries
there is to be a rector who presides over it, a vice rector, if circumstances
warrant this, and a financial administrator. Moreover, if the students
follow their studies in the seminary, there are to be professors who teach
the various subjects in a manner suitably coordinated between them.
§2 In every seminary there is to be at least one spiritual director,
though the students are also free to approach other priests who have been
deputed to this work by the Bishop.
§3 The seminary statutes are to determine the manner in which the
other moderators, the professors and indeed the students themselves, are
to participate in the rector’s responsibility, especially in regard
to the maintenance of discipline.
Can. 240 §1 Besides ordinary
confessors, other confessors are to come regularly to the seminary; while
maintaining seminary discipline, the students are always to be free to
approach any confessor, whether inside or outside the seminary.
§2 In deciding about the admission of students to orders, or their
dismissal from the seminary, the vote of the spiritual director and the
confessors may never be sought.
Can. 241 §1 The diocesan
Bishop is to admit to the major seminary only those whose human, moral,
spiritual and intellectual gifts, as well as physical and psychological
health and right intention, show that they are capable of dedicating themselves
permanently to the sacred ministries.
§2 Before they are accepted, they must submit documentation of their
baptism and confirmation, and whatever else is required by the provisions
of the Charter of Priestly Formation.
§3 If there is question of admitting those who have been dismissed
from another seminary or religious institute, there is also required the
testimony of the respective superior, especially concerning the reason
for their dismissal or departure.
Can. 242 §1 In each country
there is to be a Charter of Priestly Formation. It is to be drawn up by
the Episcopal Conference, taking account of the norms issued by the supreme
ecclesiastical authority, and it is to be approved by the Holy See; moreover,
it is to be adapted to new circumstances, likewise with the approval of
the Holy See. This Charter is to define the overall principles governing
formation in the seminary and the general norms which take account of
the pastoral needs of each region or province.
§2 The norms of the Charter mentioned in §1 are to be observed
in all seminaries, whether diocesan or inter diocesan.
Can. 243 In addition, each
seminary is to have its own rule, approved by the diocesan Bishop or,
in the case of an inter diocesan seminary, by the Bishops concerned. In
this, the norms of the Charter of Priestly Formation are to be adapted
to the particular circumstances and developed in greater detail, especially
on points of discipline affecting the daily life of the students and the
good order of the entire seminary.
Can. 244 The spiritual formation
and the doctrinal instruction of the students in a seminary are to be
harmoniously blended. They are to be so planned that the students, each
according to his talents, simultaneously develop the requisite human maturity
and acquire the spirit of the Gospel and a close relationship with Christ.
Can. 245 §1 Through their
spiritual formation students are to be fitted for the fruitful exercise
of the pastoral ministry, and are to be inculcated with a sense of mission.
They are to learn that a ministry which is always exercised with lively
faith and charity contributes effectively to their personal sanctification.
They are to learn to cultivate those virtues which are highly valued in
human relationships, in such a way that they can arrive at an appropriate
harmony between human and supernatural values.
§2 Students are to be so trained that, filled with love for Christ’s
Church, they are linked to the Roman Pontiff, the successor of Peter,
in humble and filial charity, to their own Bishop as his faithful co workers
and to their brethren in friendly cooperation. Through the common life
in the seminary, and by developing relationships of friendship and of
association with others, they are to be prepared for the fraternal unity
of the diocesan presbyterium,
in whose service of the Church they will share.
Can. 246 §1 The celebration
of the Eucharist is to be the centre of the whole life of the seminary,
so that the students, participating in the very charity of Christ, may
daily draw strength of soul for their apostolic labour and for their spiritual
life particularly from this richest of sources.
§2 They are to be formed in the celebration of the liturgy of the
hours, by which the ministers of God, in the name of the Church, intercede
with Him for all the people entrusted to them, and indeed for the whole
world.
§3 Devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary, including the rosary, mental
prayer and other exercises of piety are to be fostered, so that the students
may acquire the spirit of prayer and be strengthened in their vocation.
§4 The students are to become accustomed to approach the sacrament
of penance frequently. It is recommended that each should have a director
of his spiritual life, freely chosen, to whom he can trustfully reveal
his conscience.
§5 Each year the students are to make a spiritual retreat.
Can. 247 §1 By appropriate
instruction they are to be prepared to observe celibacy and to learn to
hold it in honour as a special gift of God.
§2 The students are to be given all the requisite knowledge concerning
the duties and burdens which are proper to the sacred ministers of the
Church, concealing none of the difficulties of the priestly life.
Can. 248 The doctrinal formation
given is to be so directed that the students may acquire a wide and solid
teaching in the sacred sciences, together with a general culture which
is appropriate to the needs of place and time. As a result, with their
own faith founded on and nourished by this teaching, they ought to be
able properly to proclaim the Gospel to the people of their own time,
in a fashion suited to the manner of the people’s thinking.
Can. 249 The Charter of Priestly
Formation is to provide that the students are not only taught their native
language accurately, but are also well versed in latin, and have a suitable
knowledge of other languages which would appear to be necessary or useful
for their formation or for the exercise of their pastoral ministry.
Can. 250 The philosophical
and theological studies which are organised in the seminary itself may
be conducted either in succession or conjointly, in accordance with the
Charter of Priestly Formation. These studies are to take at least six
full years, in such a way that the time given to philosophical studies
amounts to two full years and that allotted to theological studies to
four full years.
Can. 251 Philosophical formation
must be based on the philosophical heritage that is perennially valid,
and it is also to take account of philosophical investigations over the
course of time. It is to be so given that it furthers the human formation
of the students, sharpens their mental edge and makes them more fitted
to engage in theological studies.
Can. 252 §1 Theological
formation, given in the light of faith and under the guidance of the magisterium,
is to be imparted in such a way that the students learn the whole of catholic
teaching, based on divine Revelation, that they make it a nourishment
of their own spiritual lives, and that in the exercise of the ministry
they may be able properly to proclaim and defend it.
§2 Students are to be instructed with special care in sacred Scripture,
so that they may acquire an insight into the whole of sacred Scripture.
§3 Lectures are to be given in dogmatic theology, based always on
the written word of God and on sacred Tradition; through them the students
are to learn to penetrate more deeply into the mysteries of salvation,
with St. Thomas in particular as their teacher. Lectures are also to be
given in moral and pastoral theology, canon law, liturgy, ecclesiastical
history, and other auxiliary and special disciplines, in accordance with
the provisions of the Charter on Priestly Formation.
Can. 253 §1 The Bishop
or the Bishops concerned are to appoint as teachers in philosophical,
theological and juridical subjects only those who are of outstanding virtue
and have a doctorate or a licentiate from a university or faculty recognised
by the Holy See.
§2 Care is to be taken that different professors are appointed for
sacred Scripture, dogmatic theology, moral theology, liturgy, philosophy,
canon law and church history, and for other disciplines which are to be
taught by their own distinctive methods.
§3 A professor who seriously fails in his or her duty is to be removed
by the authority mentioned in §1.
Can. 254 §1 In their
lectures, the professors are to be continuously attentive to the intimate
unity and harmony of the entire doctrine of faith, so that the students
are aware that they are learning one science. To ensure this, there is
to be someone in the seminary who is in charge of the overall organisation
of studies.
§2 The students are to be taught in such a way that they themselves
are enabled to research various questions in the scientific way appropriate
to each question. There are, therefore, to be assignments in which, under
the guidance of the professors, the students learn to work out certain
subjects by their own efforts.
Can. 255 Although the whole
formation of students in the seminary has a pastoral purpose, a specifically
pastoral formation is also to be provided there; in this the students
are to learn the principles and the techniques which, according to the
needs of place and time, are relevant to the ministry of teaching, sanctifying
and ruling the people of God.
Can. 256 §1 Students
are to be carefully instructed in whatever especially pertains to the
sacred ministry, particularly in catechetics and homiletics, in divine
worship and in a special way in the celebration of the sacraments, in
dealing with people, including non catholics and unbelievers, in parish
administration and in the fulfilment of other tasks.
§2 The students are to be instructed about the needs of the universal
Church, so that they may have a solicitude for encouraging vocations,
for missionary and ecumenical questions, and for other pressing matters,
including social problems.
Can. 257 §1 The formation
of students is to ensure that they are concerned not only for the particular
Church in which they are incardinated, but also for the universal Church,
and that they are ready to devote themselves to particular Churches which
are beset by grave need.
§2 The diocesan Bishop is to ensure that clerics who intend to move
from their own particular Church to a particular Church in another region,
are suitably prepared to exercise the sacred ministry there, that is,
that they learn the language of the region, and have an understanding
of its institutions, social conditions, usages and customs.
Can. 258 In order that the
students may also by practice learn the art of exercising the apostolate,
they are in the course of their studies, and especially during holiday
time, to be initiated into pastoral practice by suitable assignments,
always under the supervision of an experienced priest. These assignments,
appropriate to the age of the student and the conditions of the place,
are to be determined by the Ordinary.
Can. 259 §1 It belongs
to the diocesan Bishop or, in the case of an inter diocesan seminary,
to the Bishops concerned to determine those matters which concern the
overall control and administration of the seminary.
§2 The diocesan Bishop or, in the case of an inter diocesan seminary,
the Bishops concerned, are frequently to visit the seminary in person.
They are to oversee the formation of their students, and the philosophical
and theological instruction given in the seminary. They are to inform
themselves about the vocation, character, piety and progress of the students,
in view particularly to the conferring of sacred orders.
Can. 260 In the fulfilment
of their duties, all must obey the rector, who is responsible for the
day to day direction of the seminary, in accordance with the norms of
the Charter of Priestly Formation and the rule of the seminary.
Can. 261 §1 The rector
of the seminary is to ensure that the students faithfully observe the
norms of the Charter of Priestly Formation and the rule of the seminary;
under his authority, and according to their different positions, the moderators
and professors have the same responsibility.
Can. 262 The seminary is to
be exempt from parochial governance. For all those in the seminary, the
function of the parish priest is to be discharged by the rector of the
seminary or his delegate, with the exception of matters concerning marriage
and without prejudice to the provisions of Can. 985.
Can. 263 The diocesan Bishop
must ensure that the building and maintenance of the seminary, the support
of the students, the remuneration of the teachers and the other needs
of the seminary are provided for. In an inter diocesan seminary this responsibility
devolves upon the Bishops concerned, each to the extent allotted by their
common agreement.
Can. 264 §1 To provide
for the needs of the seminary, the Bishop can, apart from the collection
mentioned in Can. 1266, impose a levy in the diocese.
§2 Every ecclesiastical juridical person is subject to the levy for
the seminary, including even private juridical persons, which have a centre
in the diocese. Exception is made for those whose sole support comes from
alms, or in which there is actually present a college of students or of
teachers for furthering the common good of the Church. This levy should
be general, proportionate to the revenue of those who are subject to it
and calculated according to the needs of the seminary. |
TITULUS III: DE MINISTRIS SACRIS SEU DE CLERICIS
CAPUT I: DE CLERICORUM INSTITUTIONE
Can. 232 - Ecclesia officium est atque ius proprium et exclusivum
eos instituendi , qui ad ministeria sacra deputantur.
Can. 233 - § 1. Universae communitati christianae officium incumbit
fovendarum vocationum, ut necessitatibus ministerii sacri in tota Ecclesia
sufficienter provideatur; speciatim hoc officio tenentur familiae christianae,
educatores atque peculiari ratione sacerdotes, praesertim parochi. Episcopi
dioecesani, quorum maxime est de vocationibus provehendis curam habere,
populum sibi commissum de momento ministerii sacri deque ministrorum in
Ecclesia necessitate edoceant, atque incepta ad vocationes fovendas, operibus
praesertim ad hoc institutis, suscitent ac sustentent.
§ 2. Solliciti sint insuper sacerdotes, praesertim vero Episcopi dioecesani,
ut qui maturioris aetatis viri ad ministeria sacra sese vocatos aestiment,
prudenter verbo opereque adiuventur ac debite praeparentur.
Can. 234 - § 1. Serventur, ubi exsistunt, atque foveantur seminaria
minora aliave instituta id genus, in quibus nempe, vocationum fovendarum
gratia, provideatur ut peculiaris formatia religiosa una expedire iudicaverit
Episcopus dioecesanus, seminarii minoris similisve instituti erectioni
prospiciat.
§ 2. Nisi certis in casibus adiuncta suadeant, iuvenes quibus animus est
ad sacerdotium ascendere, ea ornentur humanistica et scientifica formatione,
qua iuvenes in sua quisque regione ad studia superiora peragenda praeparantur.
Can. 235 - § 1. Iuvenes, qui ad sacerdotium accedere intendunt,
ad formationem spiritualem convenientem et ad officia propria instituantur
in seminario maiore per totum formationis tempus, aut, si adiuncta de
iudicio Episcopi dioecesani id postulent, per quattuor saltem annos.
§ 2. Qui extra seminarium legitime morantur, ab Episcopo dioecesano commendentur
pio et idoneo sacerdoti, qui invigilet ut ad vitam spiritualem et ad disciplinam
sedulo efformentur.
Can. 236 - Aspirantes ad diaconatum permanentem secundum Episcoporum
conferentiae praescripta ad vitam spiritualem alendam informentur atque
ad officia eidem ordini propria rite adimplenda instruantur:
1° iuvenes per tres saltem annos in aliqua domo peculiari degentes nisi
graves ob rationes Episcopus dioecesanus aliter statuerit;
2° maturioris aetatis viri, sive caelibes sive coniugati, ratione ad tres
annos protracta et ab eadem Episcoporum conferentia definita.
Can. 237 - § 1. In singulis dioecesibus sit seminarium maius, ubi
id fieri possit atque expediat; secus concredantur alumni, qui ad sacra
ministeria sese praeparent, alieno seminario aut erigatur seminarium interdioecesanum.
§ 2. Seminarium interdioecesanum ne erigatur nisi prius approbatio Apostolicae
Sedis, tum ipsius seminarii erectionis tum eiusdem statutorum, obtenta
fuerit, et quidem ab Episcoporum conferentia, si agatur de seminario pro
universo eius territorio, secus ab Episcopis quorum interest.
Can. 238 - § 1. Seminaria legitime erecta ipso iure personalitate
iuridica in Ecclesia gaudent.
§ 2. In omnibus negotiis pertractandis personam seminarii gerit eius rector,
nisi de certis negotiis auctoritas competens aliud statuerit.
Can. 239 - § 1. In quolibet seminario habeantur rector, qui ei
praesit, et si casus ferat vice- rector, oeconomus, atque si alumni in
ipso seminario studiis se dedant, etiam magistri, qui varias disciplinas
tradant apta ratione inter se compositas.
§ 2. In quolibet seminario unus saltem adsit spiritus director, relicta
libertate alumnis adeundi alios sacerdotes, qui ad hoc munus ab Episcopo
deputati sint.
§ 3. Seminarii statutis provideantur rationes, quibus curam rectoris,
in disciplina praesertim servanda, participent ceteri moderatores, magistri,
immo et ipsi alumni.
Can. 240 - § 1. Praeter confessarios ordinarios, alii regulariter
ad seminarium accedant confessarii, atque, salva quidem seminarii disciplina,
integrum semper sit alumnis quemlibet confessarium sive in seminario sive
extra illud adire. § 2. In decisionibus ferendis de alumnis ad ordines
admittendis aut e seminario dimittendis, numquam directoris spiritus et
confessariorum votum exquiri potest.
Can. 241 - § 1. Ad seminarium maius ab Episcopo dioecesano admittantur
tantummodo ii qui, attentis eorum dotibus humanis et moralibus, spiritualibus
et intellectualibus, eorum valetudine physica et psychica necnon recta
voluntate, habiles aestimantur qui ministeriis sacris perpetuo sese dedicent.
§ 2. Antequam recipiantur, documenta exhibere debent de susceptis baptismo
et confirmatione aliaque quae secundum praescripta institutionis sacerdotalis
Rationis requiruntur.
§ 3. Si agatur de iis admittendis, qui ex alieno seminario vel instituto
religioso dimissi fuerint, requiritur insuper testimonium respectivi superioris
praesertim de causa eorum dimissionis vel discessus.
Can. 242 - § 1. In singulis nationibus habeatur institutionis sacerdotalis
Ratio, ab Episcoporum conferentia attentis quidem normis a suprema Ecclesiae
auctoritate latis, statuenda et a Sancta Sede approbanda novis quoque
adiunctis, approbante item Sancta Sede, accommodanda, qua institutionis
in seminario tradendae definiantur summa principia atque normae generales
necessitatibus pastoralibus uniuscuiusque regionis vel provinciale, aptatae.
§ 2. Normae Rationis, de qua in § 1, serventur in omnibus seminariis,
tum dioecesanis tum interdioecesanis.
Can. 243 - Habeat insuper unumquodque seminarium ordinationem propriam,
ab Episcopo dioecesano aut, si de seminario interdioecesano agatur, ab
Episcopis quorum interest, probatam, qua normae institutionis sacerdotalis
Rationis adiunctis particularibus accommodentur, ac pressius determinentur
praesertim disciplinae capita quae ad alumnorum cotidianam vitam et totius
seminarii ordinem spectant.
Can. 244 - Alumnorum in seminario formatio spiritualis et institutio
doctrinalis harmonice componantur, atque ad id ordinentur, ut iidem iuxta
uniuscuiusque indolem una cum debita maturitate humana spiritum Evangelii
et arctam cum Christo necessitudinem acquirant.
Can. 245 - § 1. Per formationem spiritualem alumni idonei fiant
ad ministerium pastorale fructuose exercendum et ad spiritum missionalem
efformentur, discentes ministerium expletum semper in fide viva et in
caritate ad propriam sanctificationem conferre; itemque illas excolere
discant virtutes quae in hominum consortione pluris fiunt, ita quidem
ut ad aptam conciliationem inter bona humana et supernaturalia pervenire
valeant.
§ 2. Ita formentur alumni ut, amore Ecclesiae Christi imbuti, Pontifici
Romano Petri successore humili et filiali caritate devinciantur, proprio
Episcopo tamquam fidi cooperatores adhaereant et sociam cum fratribus
operam praestent; per vitam in seminario communem atque per amicitiae
coniunctionisque necessitudinem cum aliis excultam praeparentur ad fraternam
unionem cum dioecesano presbyterio, cuius in Ecclesiae servitio erunt
consortes.
Can. 246 - § 1. Celebratio Eucharistica centrum sit totius vitae
seminarii, ita ut cotidie alumni, ipsam Christi caritatem participantes,
animi robur pro apostolico labore et pro vita sua spirituali praesertim
ex hoc ditissimo fonte hauriant.
§ 2. Efformentur ad celebrationem liturgiae horarum, qua Dei ministri,
nomine Ecclesiae pro toto populo sibi commisso, immo pro universo mundo,
Deum deprecantur.
§ 3. Foveantur cultus Beatae Mariae Virginis etiam per mariale rosarium,
oratio mentalis aliaque pietatis exercitia, quibus alumni spiritum orationis
acquirant atque vocationis suae robur consequantur.
§4. Ad sacramentum paenitentiae frequenter accedere assuescant alumni,
et commendatur ut unusquisque habeat moderatorem suae vitae spiritualis
libere quidem electum, cui confidenter conscientiam aperire possit.
§ 5 Singulis annis alumni exercitiis spiritualibus vacent.
Can. 247 - § 1. Ad servandum statum caelibatus congrua educatione
praeparentur, eumque ut peculiare Dei donum in honore habere discant.
§ 2. De officiis et oneribus quae ministris sacris Ecclesiae propria sunt,
alumni debite reddantur certiores, nulla vitae sacerdotalis difficultate
reticita.
Can. 248 - Institutio doctrinalis tradenda eo spectat, ut alumni,
una cum cultura generali necessitatibus loci ac temporis consentanea,
amplam atque solidam acquirant in disciplinis sacris doctrinam, ita ut,
propria fide ibi fundata et inde nutrita, Evangelii doctrinam hominibus
sui temporis apte, ratione eorundem ingenio accommodata, nuntiare valeant.
Can. 249 - Institutionis sacerdotalis Ratione provideatur ut alumni
non tantum accurate linguam patriam edoceantur, sed etiam linguam latinam
bene calleant necnon congruam habeant cognitionem alienarum linguarum,
quarum scientia ad eorum formationem aut ad ministerium pastorale exercendum
necessaria vel utilis videatur.
Can. 250 - Quae in ipso seminario philosophica et theologica studia
ordinantur, aut successive aut coniuncte peragi possunt, iuxta institutionis
sacerdotalis Rationem; eadem completum saltem sexennium complectantur,
ita quidem ut tempus philosophicis disciplinis dedicandum integrum biennium,
studiis vero theologicis integrum quadriennium adaequet.
Can. 251 - Philosophica institutio, quae innixa sit oportet patrimonio
philosophico perenniter valido, et rationem etiam habeat philosophicae
investigationis progredientis aetatis, ita tradatur, ut alumnorum formationem
humanam perficiat, mentis aciem provehat, eosque ad studia theologica
peragenda aptiores reddat.
Can. 252 - § 1. Institutio theologica, in lumine fidei, sub Magisterii
ductu, ita impertiatur, ut alumni integram doctrinam catholicam, divina
Revelatione innixam, cognoscant, propriae vitae spiritualis reddant alimentum
eamque, in ministerio exercendo rite annuntiare ac tueri valeant.
§ 2. In sacra Scriptus peculiari diligentia erudiantur alumni, ita ut
totius sacrae Scripturae conspectum acquirant.
§ 3. Lectiones habeantur theologiae dogmaticae, verbo Dei scripto una
sacra Traditione semper innixae, quarum ope alumni mysteria salutis, s.
Thoma praesertim magistro, intimius penetrare addiscant, itemque lectiones
theologiae moralis et pastoralis, iuris canonici, liturgiae, historiae
ecclesiasticae, necnon aliarum disciplinarum, auxiliarium atque specialium,
ad normam praescriptorum institutionis sacerdotalis Rationis.
Can. 253 - § 1. Ad magistri munus in disciplinis philosophicis,
theologicis et iuridicis, ab Episcopo aut ab Episcopis, quorum interest,
iitantum nominentur qui, virtutibus praestantes, laurea doctorali aut
licentia potiti sunt in universitate studiorum aut facultate a Sancta
Sede recognita.
§ 2. Curetur ut distincti totidem nominentur magistri qui doceant sacram
Scripturam, theologiam dogmaticam, theologiam moralem, liturgiam, philosophiam,
ius canonicum, historiam ecclesiasticam, aliasque, quae propria methodo
tradendae sunt, disciplinas.
§ 3. Magister qui a munere suo graviter deficiat, ab auctoritate, de qua
in § 1, amoveatur.
Can. 254 - § 1. Magistri in disciplinis tradendis de intima universae
doctrinae fidei unitate et harmonia iugiter solliciti sint, ut unam scientiam
alumni se discere experiantur; quo aptius id obtineatur, adsit in seminario
qui integram studiorum ordinationem moderetur.
§ 2. Ita alumni edoceantur, ut et ipsi habiles fiant ad quaestiones aptis
investigationibus propriis et scientifica methodo examinandas habeantur
igitur exercitationes, in quibus, sub moderamine magistrorum, alumni proprio
labore studia quaedam persolvere discant.
Can. 255 - Licet universa alumnorum in seminario formatio pastoralem
finem persequatur, institutio stricte pastoralis in eodem ordinetur, qua
alumni principia et artes addiscant quae, attentis quoque loci ac temporis
necessitatibus, ad ministerium Dei populum docendi, sanctificandi et regendi
exercendum pertineant.
Can. 256 - § 1. Diligenter instruantur alumni in iis quae peculiari
ratione ad sacrum ministerium spectant, praesertim in arte catechetica
et homiletica exercenda, in cultu divino peculiarique modo in sacramentis
celebrandis, in commercio cum hominibus, etiam noncatholicis vel non credentibus,
habendo, in paroecia administranda atque in ceteris muneribus adimplendis.
§ 2. Edoceantur alumni de universae Ecclesiae necessitatibus, ita ut sollicitudinem
habeant de vocationibus promovendis, de quaestionibus missionalibus, oecumenicis
necnon de aliis, socialibus quoque, urgentoribus.
Can. 257 - § 1. Alumnorum institutioni ita provideatur, ut non
tantum Ecclesiae particularis in cuius servitio incardinentur, sed universae
quoque Ecclesiae sollicitudinem habeant, atque paratos se exhibeant Ecclesiis
particularibus, quarum gravis urgeat necessitas, sese devovere.
§ 2. Curet Episcopus dioecesanus ut clerici, a propria Ecclesia particulari
ad Ecclesiam particularem alterius regionis transmigrare intendentes,
apte praeparentur ad ibidem sacrum ministerium exercendum, ut scilicet
et linguam regionis addiscant, et eiusdem institutorum, condicionum socialium,
usuum et consuetudinem intellegentiam habeant.
Can. 258 - Ut apostolatus exercendi artem in opere ipso etiam addiscant,
alumni, studiorum curriculo decurrente, praeserti, vero feriarum tempore,
praxi pastorali initientur per opportunas, sub moderamine semper sacerdotalis
periti, exercitationes, alumnorum aetati et locorum condicioni aptatas,
de iudicio Ordinarii determinandas.
Can. 259 - § 1. Episcopo dioecesano aut, si de seminario interdioecesano
agatur, Episcopis quorum interest, competit quae ad seminarii superius
regimen et administrationem spectant, decernere.
§ 2. Episcopus dioecesanus aut, si de seminario interdioecesano agatur,
Episcopi quorum interest, frequenter seminarium ipsi visitent, in formationem
suorum alumnorum necnon in institutionem, quae in eodem tradatur, philosophicam
et theologicam invigilent, et de alumnorum vocatione, indole, pietate
ac profectu cognitionem sibi comparent, maxime intuitu sacrarum ordinationum
conferendarum.
Can. 260 - Rectori, cuius est cotidianum moderamen curare seminarii,
ad normam quidem institutionis sacerdotalis Rationis ac seminarii ordinationis,
omnes in propriis muneribus adimplendis obtemperare debent.
Can. 261 - § 1. Seminarii rector itemque, sub eiusdem auctoritate,
moderatores et magistri pro parte sua curent ut alumni normas Ratione
institutionis sacerdotalis necnon seminarii ordinatione praescriptas adamussim
servent.
§ 2. Sedulo provideant seminarii rector atque studiorum moderatur ut magistri
suo munere rite fungantur, secundum praescripta Rationis institutionis
sacerdotalis ac seminarii ordinationis.
Can. 262 - Exemptum a regimine paroeciali seminarium esto: et pro
omnibusqui in seminario sunt, parochi officium, excepta materia matrimoniali
et firmo praescripto Can. 985, obeat seminarii rector eiusve delegatus.
Can. 263 - Episcopus dioecesanus vel, si de seminario interdioecesano
agatur, Episcopi quorum interest, pro parte ab eis communi consilio determinata,
curare debent ut provideatur seminarii constitutioni et conservationi,
alumnorum sustentationi necnon magistrorum remunerationi aliisque seminarii
necessitatibus.
Can. 264 - § 1. Ut seminarii necessitatibus provideatur, praeter
stipem de qua in Can. 1266, potest Episcopus in dioecesi tributum imponere.
§ 2. Tributo pro seminario obnoxiae sunt cunctae personae iuridicae ecclesiasticae
etiam privatae, quae sedem in dioecesi habeant, nisi solis eleemosynis
sustententur aut in eis collegium discentium vel docentium ad commune
Ecclesiae bonum promovendum actu habeantur; huiusmodi tributum debet esse
generale, reditibus eorum qui eidem obnoxii sunt proportionatum, atque
iuxta necessitates seminarii determinatum. |
CHAPTER II : THE ENROLMENT OR INCARDINATION OF CLERICS
Can. 265 Every cleric must
be incardinated in a particular church, or in a personal Prelature, or
in an institute of consecrated life or a society which has this faculty:
accordingly, acephalous or ‘wandering’ clergy are in no way
to be allowed.
Can. 266 §1 By the reception
of the diaconate a person becomes a cleric, and is incardinated in the
particular Church or personal Prelature for whose service he is ordained.
§2 A member who is perpetually professed in a religious institute,
or who is definitively incorporated into a clerical society of apostolic
life, is by the reception of the diaconate incardinated as a cleric in
that institute or society unless, in the case of a society, the constitutions
determine otherwise.
§3 A member of a secular institute is by the reception of the diaconate
incardinated into the particular Church for whose service he was ordained,
unless by virtue of a concession of the Apostolic See he is incardinated
into the institute itself.
Can. 267 §1 To be validly
incardinated in another particular Church, a cleric who is already incardinated
must obtain a letter of excardination signed by the diocesan Bishop, and
in the same way a letter of incardination signed by the diocesan Bishop
of the particular Church in which he wishes to be incardinated.
§2 Excardination granted in this way does not take effect until incardination
is obtained in the other particular Church.
Can. 268 §1 A cleric
who has lawfully moved from his own particular Church to another is, by
virtue of the law itself, incardinated in that latter Church after five
years, if he has declared this intention in writing to both the diocesan
Bishop of the host diocese and his own diocesan Bishop, and neither of
the two Bishops has indicated opposition in writing within four months
of receiving the cleric’s written request.
§2 By perpetual or definitive admission into an institute of consecrated
life or a society of apostolic life, a cleric who in accordance with Can.
266 is incardinated in that institute or society, is excardinated from
his own particular Church.
Can. 269 A diocesan Bishop
is not to incardinate a cleric unless:
1° the need or the advantage of his particular Church requires it
and the provisions of law concerning the worthy support of the cleric
are observed;
2° he knows by a lawful document that excardination has been granted,
and has also obtained from the excardinating Bishop, under secrecy if
need be, appropriate testimonials concerning the cleric’s life,
behaviour and studies;
3° the cleric declares in writing to the same Bishop that he wishes
to enter the service of the new particular Church in accordance with the
norms of law.
Can. 270 Excardination can
be lawfully granted only for a just reason, such as the advantage of the
Church or the good of the cleric. It may not, however, be refused unless
grave reasons exist; it is lawful for a cleric who considers himself to
be unfairly treated and who has a Bishop to receive him, to have recourse
against the decision.
Can. 271 §1 Except for
a grave need of his own particular Church, a Bishop is not to refuse clerics
seeking permission to move whom he knows to be prepared and considers
suitable to exercise the ministry in regions which suffer from a grave
shortage of clergy. He is to ensure, however, that the rights and duties
of these clerics are determined by written agreement with the diocesan
Bishop of the place to which they wish to move.
§2 A Bishop can give permission to his clerics to move to another
particular Church for a specified time. Such permission can be renewed
several times, but in such a way that the clerics remain incardinated
in their own particular Church, and on returning there enjoy all the rights
which they would have had if they had ministered there.
§3 A cleric who lawfully moves to another particular Church while
remaining incardinated in his own, may for a just reason be recalled by
his own Bishop, provided the agreements entered into with the other Bishop
are honoured and natural equity is observed. Under the same conditions,
the Bishop of the other particular Church can for a just reason refuse
the cleric permission to reside further in his territory.
Can. 272 The diocesan Administrator
cannot grant excardination nor incardination, nor permission to move to
another particular Church, unless the episcopal see has been vacant for
a year, and he has the consent of the college of consultors. |
CAPUT II: DE CLERICORUM ADSCRIPTIONE SEU INCARDINATIONE
Can. 265 - Quemlibet clericum oportet esse incardinatum aut alicui
Ecclesiae particulari vel praelaturae personali, aut alicui instituto
vitae consecratae vel societati hac facultate praeditis, ita ut clerici
acephali seu vagi minime admittantur.
Can. 266 - § 1. Per receptum diaconatum aliquis fit clericus et
incardinatur Ecclesiae particulari vel praelaturae personali pro cuius
servitio promotus est.
§ 2. Sodalis in instituto religioso a votis perpetuis professus aut societati
clericali vitae apostolicae definitive incorporatus, per receptum diaconatum
incardinatur tamquam clericus eidem instituto aut societati, nisi ad societates
quod attinet aliter ferant constitutiones.
§ 3. Sodalis instituti saecularis per receptum diaconatum incardinatur
Ecclesiae particulari pro cuius servitio promotus est, nisi vi concessionis
Sedis Apostolicae ipsi instituto incardinetur.
Can. 267 - § 1. Ut clericus iam incardinatus alii Ecclesiae particulari
valide incardinetur, ab Episcopo dioecesano obtinere debet litteras ab
eodem subscriptas excardinationis; et pariter ab Episcopo dioecesano Ecclesiae
particularis cui se incardinari desiderat, litteras ab eodem subscriptas
incardinationis.
§ 2. Excardinatio ita concessa effectum non sortitur nisi incardinatione
obtenta in alia Ecclesia particulari.
Can. 268 - § 1. Clericus qui a propria Ecclesia particulari in
aliam legitime transmigraverit, huic Ecclesiae particulari, transacto
quinquennio, ipso iure incardinatur, si talem voluntatem in scriptis manifestaverit
tum Episcopo dioecesano Ecclesiae hospitis tum Episcopo dioecesano proprio,
neque horum alteruter ipsi contrariam scripto mentem intra quattuor menses
a receptis litteris significaverit.
§ 2. Per admissionem perpetuam aut definitivam in institutum vitae consecratae
aut in societatem vitae apostolicae, clericus qui, ad normam Can. 266,
§ 2, eidem instituto aut societati incardinatur, a propria Ecclesia particulari
excardinatur.
Can. 269 - Ad incardinationem clerici Episcopus dioecesanus ne
deveniat nisi:
1° necessitas aut utilitas suae Ecclesiae particularis id exigat, et salvis
praescriptis honestam sustentationem clericorum respicientibus;
2° ex legitimo documento sibi constiterit de concessa excardinatione,
et habuerit praeterea ab Episcopo dioecesano excardinanti, sub secreto
si opus sit, de clerici vita, moribus ac studiis opportuna testimonia;
3° clericus eidem Episcopo dioecesano scripto declaraverit se novae Ecclesiae
particularis servitio velle addici ad normam iuris.
Can. 270 - Excardinatio licite concedi potest iustis tantum de
causis, quales sunt Ecclesiae utilitas aut bonum ipsius clerici; denegari
autem nonpotest nisi exstantibus gravibus causis; licet tamen clerico,
qui se gravatum censuerit et Episcopum receptorem invenerit, contra decisionem
recurrere.
Can. 271 - § 1. Extra casum verae necessitatis Ecclesiae particularis
propriae, Episcopus dioecesanus ne deneget licentiam transmigrandi clericis,
quos paratos scit atque aptos aestimet qui regiones petant gravi cleri
inopia laborantes, ibidem sacrum ministerium peracturi; prospiciat vero
ut per conventionem scriptam cum Episcopo dioecesano loci, quem petunt,
iura et officia eorundem clericorum stabiliantur.
§ 2. Episcopus dioecesanus licentiam ad aliam Ecclesiam particularem transmigrandi
concedere potest suis clericis ad tempus praefinitum, etiam pluries renovandum,
ita tamen ut iidem clerici propriae Ecclesiae particulari incardinati
maneant, atque in eandem redeuntes omnibus gaudeant iuribus, quae haberent
si in ea sacro ministerio addicti fuissent.
§ 3. Clericus qui legitime in aliam Ecclesiam particularem transierit
propriae Ecclesiae manens incardinatus, a proprio Episcopo dioecesano
iusta de causa revocari potest, dummodo serventur conventiones cum altero
Episcopo initae atque naturalis aequitas; pariter, iisdem condicionibus
servatis, Episcopus dioecesanus alterius Ecclesiae particularis iusta
de causa poterit eidem clerico licentiam ulterioris commorationis in suo
territorio denegare.
Can. 272 - Excardinationem et incardinationem, itemque licentiam
ad aliam Ecclesiam particularem transmigrandi concedere nequit Administrator
dioecesanus, nisi post annum a vacatione sedis episcopalis, et cum consensu
collegii consultorum. |
CHAPTER III : THE OBLIGATIONS AND RIGHTS OF CLERICS
Can. 273 Clerics have a special
obligation to show reverence and obedience to the Supreme Pontiff and
to their own Ordinary.
Can. 274 §1 Only clerics
can obtain offices the exercise of which requires the power of order or
the power of ecclesiastical governance.
§2 Unless excused by a lawful impediment, clerics are obliged to
accept and faithfully fulfil the office committed to them by their Ordinary.
Can. 275 §1 Since all
clerics are working for the same purpose, namely the building up of the
body of Christ, they are to be united with one another in the bond of
brotherhood and prayer. They are to seek to cooperate with one another,
in accordance with the provisions of particular law.
§2 Clerics are to acknowledge and promote the mission which the laity,
each for his or her part, exercises in the Church and in the world.
Can. 276 §1 Clerics have
a special obligation to seek holiness in their lives, because they are
consecrated to God by a new title through the reception of orders, and
are stewards of the mysteries of God in the service of His people.
§2 In order that they can pursue this perfection:
1° they are in the first place faithfully and untiringly to fulfil
the obligations of their pastoral ministry;
2° they are to nourish their spiritual life at the twofold table of
the sacred Scripture and the Eucharist; priests are therefore earnestly
invited to offer the eucharistic Sacrifice daily, and deacons to participate
daily in the offering;
3° priests, and deacons aspiring to the priesthood, are obliged to
carry out the liturgy of the hours daily, in accordance with their own
approved liturgical books; permanent deacons are to recite that part of
it determined by the Episcopal Conference;
4° they are also obliged to make spiritual retreats, in accordance
with the provision of particular law;
5° they are exhorted to engage regularly in mental prayer, to approach
the sacrament of penance frequently, to honour the Virgin Mother of God
with particular veneration, and to use other general and special means
to holiness.
Can. 277 §1 Clerics are
obliged to observe perfect and perpetual continence for the sake of the
Kingdom of heaven, and are therefore bound to celibacy. Celibacy is a
special gift of God by which sacred ministers can more easily remain close
to Christ with an undivided heart, and can dedicate themselves more freely
to the service of God and their neighbour.
§2 Clerics are to behave with due prudence in relation to persons
whose company can be a danger to their obligation of preserving continence
or can lead to scandal of the faithful.
§3 The diocesan Bishop has authority to establish more detailed rules
concerning this matter, and to pass judgement on the observance of the
obligation in particular cases.
Can. 278 §1 The secular
clergy have the right of association with others for the achievement of
purposes befitting the clerical state.
§2 The secular clergy are to hold in high esteem those associations
especially whose statutes are recognised by the competent authority and
which, by a suitable and well tried rule of life and by fraternal support,
promote holiness in the exercise of their ministry and foster the unity
of the clergy with one another and with their Bishop.
§3 Clerics are to refrain from establishing or joining associations
whose purpose or activity cannot be reconciled with the obligations proper
to the clerical state, or which can hinder the diligent fulfilment of
the office entrusted to them by the competent ecclesiastical authority.
Can. 279 §1 Clerics are
to continue their sacred studies even after ordination to the priesthood.
They are to hold to that solid doctrine based on sacred Scripture which
has been handed down by our forebears and which is generally received
in the Church, as set out especially in the documents of the Councils
and of the Roman Pontiffs. They are to avoid profane novelties and pseudo
science.
§2 Priests are to attend pastoral courses to be arranged for them
after their ordination, in accordance with the provisions of particular
law. At times determined by the same law, they are to attend other courses,
theological meetings or conferences, which offer them an occasion to acquire
further knowledge of the sacred sciences and of pastoral methods.
§3 They are also to seek a knowledge of other sciences, especially
those linked to the sacred sciences, particularly insofar as they benefit
the exercise of the pastoral ministry.
Can. 280 Some manner of common
life is highly recommended to clerics; where it exists, it is as far as
possible to be maintained.
Can. 281 §1 Since clerics
dedicate themselves to the ecclesiastical ministry, they deserve the remuneration
that befits their condition, taking into account both the nature of their
office and the conditions of time and place. It is to be such that it
provides for the necessities of their life and for the just remuneration
of those whose services they need.
§2 Suitable provision is likewise to be made for such social welfare
as they may need in infirmity, sickness or old age.
§3 Married deacons who dedicate themselves full time to the ecclesiastical
ministry deserve remuneration sufficient to provide for themselves and
their families. Those, however, who receive a remuneration by reason of
a secular profession which they exercise or exercised, are to see to their
own and to their families’ needs from that income.
Can. 282 §1 Clerics are
to follow a simple way of life and avoid anything which smacks of worldliness.
§2 Goods which they receive on the occasion of the exercise of an
ecclesiastical office, and which are over and above what is necessary
for their worthy upkeep and the fulfilment of all the duties of their
state, they may well wish to use for the good of the Church and for charitable
works.
Can. 283 §1 Clerics,
even if they do not have a residential office, are not to be absent from
their diocese for a considerable time, to be determined by particular
law, without the at least presumed permission of their proper Ordinary.
§2 They may, however, take a rightful and sufficient holiday every
year, for the length of time determined by general or by particular law.
Can. 284 Clerics are to wear
suitable ecclesiastical dress, in accordance with the norms established
by the Episcopal Conference and legitimate local custom.
Can. 285 §1 Clerics are
to shun completely everything that is unbecoming to their state, in accordance
with the provisions of particular law.
§2 Clerics are to avoid whatever is foreign to their state, even
when it is not unseemly.
§3 Clerics are forbidden to assume public office whenever it means
sharing in the exercise of civil power.
§4 Without the permission of their Ordinary, they may not undertake
the administration of goods belonging to lay people, or secular offices
which involve the obligation to render an account. They are forbidden
to act as surety, even concerning their own goods, without consulting
their proper Ordinary. They are not to sign promissory notes which involve
the payment of money but do not state the reasons for the payment.
Can. 286 Clerics are forbidden
to practise commerce or trade, either personally or through another, for
their own or another’s benefit, except with the permission of the
lawful ecclesiastical authority.
Can. 287 §1 Clerics are
always to do their utmost to foster among people peace and harmony based
on justice.
§2 They are not to play an active role in political parties or in
directing trade unions unless, in the judgement of the competent ecclesiastical
authority, this is required for the defence of the rights of the Church
or to promote the common good.
Can. 288 Permanent deacons
are not bound by the provisions of Cann. 284, 285 §§3 and 4,
286, 287 §2, unless particular law states otherwise.
Can. 289 §1 As military
service ill befits the clerical state, clerics and candidates for sacred
orders are not to volunteer for the armed services without the permission
of their Ordinary.
§2 Clerics are to take advantage of exemptions from exercising functions
and public civil offices foreign to the clerical state, which are granted
in their favour by law, agreements or customs, unless their proper Ordinary
has in particular cases decreed otherwise. |
CAPUT III
DE CLERICORUM OBLIGATIONIBUS ET IURIBUS
Can. 273 - Clerici speciali obligatione tenentur Summo Pontifici
et suo quisque Ordinario reverentiam et oboedientiam exhibendi.
Can. 274 - § 1. Soli clerici obtinere possunt officia ad quorum
exercitium requiritur potestas ordinis aut potestas regiminis ecclesiastici.
§ 2. Clerici, nisi legitimo impedimento excusentur, munus, quod ipsis
a suo Ordinario commissum fuerit, suscipere ac fideliter adimplere tenentur.
Can. 275 - § 1. Clerici, quippe qui omnes ad unum conspirent opus,
ad aedificationem nempe Corporis Christi, vinculo fraternitatis et orationis
inter se uniti sint, et cooperationem inter se prosequantur, iuxta iuris
particularis praescripta.
§ 2. Clerici missionem agnoscant et promoveant, quam pro sua quisque parte
laici in Ecclesia et in mundo exercent.
Can. 276 - § 1. In vita sua ducenda ad sanctitatem persequendam
peculiari ratione tenentur clerici, quippe qui, Deo in ordinis receptione
novo titulo consecrati, dispensatores sint mysteriorum Dei in servitium
Eius populi.
§ 2. Ut hanc perfectionem persequi valeant:
1° imprimis ministerii pastoralis officia fideliter et indefesse adimpleant;
2° duplici mensa sacrae Scripturae et Eucharistiae vitam suam spiritualem
nutriant; enixe igitur sacerdotes invitantur ut cotidie Sacrificium eucharisticum
offerant, diaconi vero ut eiusdem oblationem cotidie participent;
3° obligatione tenentur sacerdotes necnon diaconi ad presbyteratum aspirantes
cotidie liturgiam horarum persolvendi secundum proprius et probatos liturgicos
libros; diaconi autem permanentes eandem persolvant pro parte ab Episcoporum
conferentia definita;
4° pariter tenentur ad vacandum recessibus spiritualibus, iuxta iuris
particularis praescripta;
5° sollicitantur ut orationi mentali regulariter incumbant, frequenter
ad paenitentiae sacramentum accedant, Deiparam Virginem peculiari veneratione
colant, aliisque mediis sanctificationis utantur communibus et particularibus.
Can. 277 - § 1. Clerici obligatione tenentur servandi perfectam
perpetuamque propter Regnum coelorum continentiam, ideoque ad coelibatum
adstringuntur, quod est peculiare Dei donum, quo quidem sacri ministri
indiviso corde Christo facilius adhaerere possunt atque Dei hominumque
servitio liberius sese dedicare valent.
§ 2. Debita cum prudentia clerici se gerant cum personis, quarum frequentatio
ipsorum obligationem ad continentiam servandam in discrimen vocare aut
in fidelium scandalum vertere possit.
§ 3. Competit Episcopo dioecesano ut hac de re normas statuat magis determinatas
utque de huius obligationis observantia in casibus particularibus iudicium
ferat.
Can. 278 - § 1. Ius est clericis saecularibus sese consociandi
cum aliis ad fines statui clericali congruentes prosequendos.
§ 2. Magni habeant clerici saeculares praesertim illas consociationes
quae, statutis a competenti auctoritate recognitis, per aptam et convenienter
approbatam vitae ordinationem et fraternum iuvamen, sanctitatem suam in
ministerii exercitio fovent, quaeque clericorum inter se et cum proprio
Episcopo unioni favent.
§ 3. Clerici abstineant a constituendis aut participandis consociationibus,
quarum finis aut actio cum obligationibus statui clericali propriis componi
nequeunt vel diligentem muneris ipsis ab auctoritate ecclesiastica competenti
commissi adimpletionem praepedire possunt.
Can. 279 - § 1. Clerici studia sacra, recepto etiam sacerdotio,
prosequantur, et solidam illam doctrinam, in sacra Scriptura fundatam,
a maioribus traditam et communiter ab Ecclesia receptam sectentur, uti
documentis praesertim Conciliorum ac Romanorum Pontificum determinatur,
devitantes profanas vocum novitates et falsi nominis scientiam
§ 2. Sacerdotes, iuxta iuris praescripta, praelectiones pastorales post
ordinationem sacerdotalem instituendas frequentent atque, statutis eodem
iure temporibus, aliis quoque intersint praelectionibus, conventibus theologicis
aut conferentiis, quibus ipsis praebeatur occasio pleniorem scientiarum
sacrarum et methodorum pastoralium cognitionem acquirendi.
§ 3. Aliarum quoque scientiarum, earum praesertim quae cum sacris conectuntur,
cognitionem prosequantur, quatenus praecipue administerium pastorale exercendum
confert.
Can. 280 - Clericis valde commendatur quaedam vitae communis consuetudo;
quae quidem, ubi viget, quantum fieri potest, servanda est.
Can. 281 - § 1. Clerici, cum ministerio ecclesiastico se dedicant,
remunerationem merentur quae suae condicioni congruat, ratione habite
tum ipsius muneris naturae, tum locorum temporumque condicionum, quaque
ipsi possint necessitatibus vitae suae necnon aequae retributioni eorum,
quorum servitio, egent, providere.
§ 2. Item providendum est ut gaudeant illa sociali assistentia, qua eorum
necessitatibus, si infirmate, invaliditate vel senectute laborent, apte
prospiciatur.
§ 3. Diaconi uxorati, qui plene ministerio ecclesiastico sese devovent,
remunerationem merentur qua sui suaeque familiae sustentationi providere
valeant; qui vero ratione professionis civilis, quam exercent aut exercuerunt,
remunerationem obtineant, ex perceptis inde reditibus sibi suaeque familiae
necessitatibus consulant.
Can. 282 - § 1. Clerici vitae simplicitatem colant et ab omnibus
quae vanitatem sapiunt se abstineant.
§ 2. Bona, quae occasione exercitii ecclesiastici officii ipsis obveniunt,
quaeque supersunt, provisa ex eis honesta sustentatione et omnium officiorum
proprii status adimpletione, ad bonum Ecclesiae operaque caritatis impendere
velint.
Can. 283 - § 1. Clerici, licet officium residentiale non habeant,
a sua tamen dioecesi per notabile tempus iure particulari determinandum,
sine licentia saltem praesumpta Ordinarii proprii, ne discedant.
§ 2. Ipsis autem competit ut debito et sufficienti quotannis gaudeant
feriarum tempore, iure universali vel particulari determinato.
Can. 284 - Clerici decentem habitum ecclesiasticum, iuxta normas
ab Episcoporum conferentia editas atque legitimas locorum consuetudines,
deferant.
Can. 285 - § 1. Clerici ab iis omnibus, quae statum suum dedecent,
prorsus abstineant, iuxta iuris particularis praescripta.
§ 2. Ea quae, licet non indecora, a clericali tamen statu aliena sunt,
clerici vitent.
§ 3. Officia publica, quae participationem in exercitio civilis potestatis
secumferunt, clerici asssumere vetantur.
§4. Sine licentia sui Ordinarii, ne ineant gestiones bonorum ad laicos
pertinentium aut officia saecularia, quae secum feruntonus redendarum
rationum; a fideiubendo, etiam de bonis propriis, inconsulto proprio Ordinario,
prohibentur; item a subscribendis syngraphis, quibus nempe obligatio solvendae
pecuniae, nulla definita causa, subscipitur, abstineant.
Can. 286 - Prohibentur clerici per se vel per alios, sive in propriam
sive in aliorum utilitatem, negotiationem aut mercaturam exercere, nisi
de licentia legitimae auctoritatis ecclesiasticae.
Can. 287 - § 1. Clerici pacem et concordiam iustitia innixam inter
homines servandam quam maxime semper foveant.
§ 2. In factionibus politicis atque in regendis consociationibus syndicalibus
activam partem ne habeant, nisi iudicio competentis auctoritatis ecclesiasticae,
Ecclesiae iura tuenda aut bonum commune promovendum id requirant.
Can. 288 - Diaconi permanentes praescriptis Cann. 284, 285, §§
3 et 4, 286, 287, § 2 non tenentur, nisi ius particulare aliud statuat.
Can. 289 - § 1. Cum servitium militare statui clericali minus congruat,
clerici itemque candidati ad sacros ordines militiam ne capessant voluntarii,
nisi de sui Ordinarii licentia.
§ 2. Clerici utantur exemptionibus, quas ab exercendis muneribus et publicis
civilibus officiis a statu clericali alienis, in eorum favorem leges et
conventiones vel consuetudines concedunt nisi in casibus particularibus
aliter Ordinarius proprius decreverit. |
TITLE V: ASSOCIATIONS OF CHRIST’S FAITHFUL
CHAPTER I : COMMON NORMS
Can. 298 §1 In the Church
there are associations which are distinct from institutes of consecrated
life and societies of apostolic life. In these associations, Christ’s
faithful, whether clerics or laity, or clerics and laity together, strive
with a common effort to foster a more perfect life, or to promote public
worship or Christian teaching. They may also devote themselves to other
works of the apostolate, such as initiatives for evangelisation, works
of piety or charity, and those which animate the temporal order with the
Christian spirit.
§2 Christ’s faithful are to join especially those associations
which have been established, praised or recommended by the competent ecclesiastical
authority.
Can. 299 §1 By private
agreement among themselves, Christ’s faithful have the right to
constitute associations for the purposes mentioned in Can. 298
§1, without prejudice to the provisions of Can. 301
§1.
§2 Associations of this kind, even though they may be praised or
commended by ecclesiastical authority, are called private associations.
§3 No private association of Christ’s faithful is recognised
in the Church unless its statutes have been reviewed by the competent
authority.
Can. 300 No association may
call itself ‘catholic’ except with the consent of the competent
ecclesiastical authority, in accordance with Can. 312.
Can. 301 §1 It is for
the competent ecclesiastical authority alone to establish associations
of Christ’s faithful which intend to impart Christian teaching in
the name of the Church, or to promote public worship, or which are directed
to other ends whose pursuit is of its nature reserved to the same ecclesiastical
authority.
§2 The competent ecclesiastical authority, if it judges it expedient,
can also establish associations of Christ’s faithful to pursue,
directly or indirectly, other spiritual ends whose attainment is not adequately
provided for by private initiatives.
§3 Associations of Christ’s faithful which are established
by the competent ecclesiastical authority are called public associations.
Can. 302 Associations of Christ’s
faithful are called clerical when they are under the direction of clerics,
presuppose the exercise of sacred orders, and are acknowledged as such
by the competent authority.
Can. 303 Associations whose
members live in the world but share in the spirit of some religious institute,
under the overall direction of the same institute, and who lead an apostolic
life and strive for Christian perfection, are known as third orders, or
are called by some other suitable title.
Can. 304 §1 All associations
of Christ’s faithful, whether public or private, by whatever title
or name they are called, are to have their own statutes. These are to
define the purpose or social objective of the association, its centre,
its governance and the conditions of membership. They are also to specify
the manner of action of the association, paying due regard to what is
necessary or useful in the circumstances of the time and place.
§2 Associations are to select for themselves a title or name which
is in keeping with the practices of the time and place, especially one
derived from the purpose they intend.
Can. 305 §1 All associations
of Christ’s faithful are subject to the supervision of the competent
ecclesiastical authority. This authority is to ensure that integrity of
faith and morals is maintained in them and that abuses in ecclesiastical
discipline do not creep in. The competent authority has therefore the
duty and the right to visit these associations, in accordance with the
law and the statutes. Associations are also subject to the governance
of the same authority in accordance with the provisions of the canons
which follow.
§2 Associations of every kind are subject to the supervision of the
Holy See. Diocesan associations are subject to the supervision of the
local Ordinary, as are other associations to the extent that they work
in the diocese.
Can. 306 To enjoy the rights
and privileges, indulgences and other spiritual favours granted to an
association, it is necessary and sufficient that a person be validly received
into the association in accordance with the provisions of the law and
with the association’s own statutes, and be not lawfully dismissed
from it.
Can. 307 §1 The admission
of members is to take place in accordance with the law and with the statutes
of each association.
§2 The same person can be enrolled in several associations.
§3 In accordance with their own law, members of religious institutes
may, with the consent of their Superior, join associations.
Can. 308 No one who was lawfully
admitted is to be dismissed from an association except for a just reason,
in accordance with the law and the statutes.
Can. 309 Associations that
are lawfully established have the right, in accordance with the law and
the statutes, to make particular norms concerning the association, for
the holding of meetings, and for the appointment of moderators, officials,
ministers and administrators of goods.
Can. 310 A private association
which has not been constituted a juridical person cannot, as such, be
the subject of duties and rights. However the faithful who are joined
together in it can jointly contract obligations. As joint owners and joint
possessors they can acquire and possess rights and goods. They can exercise
these rights and obligations through a delegate or a proxy.
Can. 311 Members of institutes
of consecrated life who preside over or assist associations which are
joined in some way to their institute, are to ensure that these associations
help the apostolic works existing in the diocese. They are especially
to cooperate, under the direction of the local Ordinary, with associations
which are directed to the exercise of the apostolate in the diocese. |
TITULUS V
DE CHRISTIFIDELIUM CONSOCIATIONIBUS
CAPUT I
NORMAE COMMUNES
Can. 298 - § 1. In Ecclesia habentur consociationes distinctae
ab institutis vitae consecratae et societatibus vitae apostolicae, in
quibus christifideles, sive clerici sive laici sive clerici et laici simul,
communi opera contendunt ad perfectiorem vitam fovendam, aut ad alia apostolatus
opera, scilicet ad evangelizationis incepta, ad pietatis vel caritatis
opera exercenda et ad ordinem temporalem christiano spiritu animandum.
§ 2. Christifideles sua nomina dent iis praesertim consociationibus, quae
a competenti auctoritate ecclesiastica aut erectae aut laudatae vel commendatae
sint.
Can. 299 - § 1. Integrum est christifidelibus, privata inter se
conventione inita, consociationes constituere ad fines de quibus in Can.
298, § 1 persequendos, firmo praescripto Can. 301, § 1.
§ 2. Huiusmodi consociationes, etiamsi ab auctoritate ecclesiastica laudentur
vel commendentur, consociationes privatae vocantur.
§ 3. Nulla christifidelium consociatio privata in Ecclesia agnoscitur,
nisi eius statuta ab auctoritate competenti recognoscantur.
Can. 300 - Nulla consociatio nomen "catholicae" sibi assumat, nisi
de consensu competentis auctoritatis ecclesiasticae, ad normam Can. 312.
Can. 301 - § 1. Unius auctoritatis ecclesiasticae competentis est
erigere christifidelium consociationes, quae sibi proponant doctrinam
christianam nomine Ecclesiae tradere aut cultum publicum promovere, vel
quae alios intendant fines, quorum prosecutio natura sua eidem auctoritati
ecclesiasticae reservatur.
§ 2. Auctoritas ecclesiastica competens, si id expedire iudicaverit, christifidelium
consociationes quoque erigere potest ad alios fines spirituales directe
vel indirecte prosequendos, quorum consecutioni per privatorum incepta
non satis provisum sit.
§ 3. Christifidelium consociationes quae a competenti auctoritate ecclesiastica
eriguntur, consociationes publicae vocantur.
Can. 302 - Christifidelium consociationes clericales eae dicuntur,
quae sub moderamine sunt clericorum, exercitium ordinis sacri assumunt
atque uti tales a competenti auctoritate agnoscuntur.
Can. 303 - Consociationes, quarum sodales, in saeculo spiritum
alicuius instituti religiosi participantes, sub altiore eiusdem instituti
moderamine, vitam apostolicam ducunt et ad perfectionem christianam contendunt,
tertii ordines dicuntur aliove congruenti nomine vocantur.
Can. 304 - § 1. Omnes christifidelium consociationes, sive publicae
sive privatae, quocumque titulo seu nomine vocantur, sua habeant statuta,
quibus definiantur consociationis finis seu obiectum sociale, sedes, regimen
et condiciones ad partem in iisdem habendam requisitae, quibusque determinentur
agendi rationes, attentis quidem temporis et loci necessitate vel utilitate.
§ 2. Titulum seu nomen sibi eligant, temporis et loci usibus accommodatum,
maxime ab ipso fine, quem intendunt, selectum.
Can. 305 - § 1. Omnes christifidelium consociationes subsunt vigilantiae
auctoritatis ecclesiasticae competentis, cuius est curare ut in iisdem
integritas fidei ac morum servetur, et invigilare ne in disciplinam ecclesiasticam
abusus irrepant, cui itaque officium et ius competunt ad normam iuris
et statutorum easdem invisendi; subsunt etiam eiusdem auctoritatis regimini
secundum praescripta canonum, qui sequuntur.
§ 2. Vigilantiae Sanctae Sedis subsunt consociationes cuiuslibet generis;
vigilantiae Ordinarii loci subsunt consociationes dioecesanae necnon aliae
consociationes, quatenus in dioecesi operam exercent.
Can. 306 - Ut quis consociationis iuribus atque privilegiis, indulgentiis
aliisque gratiis spiritualibus eidem consociationi concessis fruatur,
necesse est et sufficit ut secundum iuris praescripta et propria consociationis
statuta, in eandem valide receptus sit et ab eandem non sit legitime dimissus.
Can. 307 - § 1. Membrorum receptio fiat ad normam iuris ac statutorum
uniuscuiusque consociationis.
§ 2. Eadem persona adscribi potest pluribus consociationibus.
§ 3. Sodales institutorum religiosorum possunt consociationibus, ad normam
iuris proprii, de consensu sui Superioris nomen dare.
Can. 308 - Nemo legitime adscriptus a consociatione dimittatur,
nisi iusta de causa ad normam iuris et statutorum.
Can. 309 - Consociationibus legitime constitutis ius est, ad normam
iuris et statutorum, edendi peculiares normas ipsam consociationem respicientes,
celebrandi comitia, designandi moderatores, officiales, ministros atque
bonorum administratores.
Can. 310 - Consociatio privata quae uti persona iuridica non fuerit
constituta, qua talis subiectum esse non potest obligationum et iurium;
christifideles tamen in ea consociati coniunctim obligationes contrahere
atque uti condomini et compossessores iura et bona acquirere et possidere
possunt; quae iura et obligationes per mandatarium seu procuratorem exercere
valent.
Can. 311 - Sodales institutorum vitae consecrate qui consociationibus
suo instituto aliquo modo unitis praesunt aut assistunt, curent ut eadem
consociationes operibus apostolatus in dioecesi exsistentibus adiutorium
praebeant, cooperantes praesertim, sub directione Ordinarii loci, cum
consociationibus quae ad apostolatum in dioecesi exercendum ordinantur. |