JEWISH RELIGIO-NATIONAL GROUPS
Which group best fits the description?
Your
Answer
Here		 a) Essenes & Qumran Covenanters
star(The Dead Sea Scrolls are linked to these groups.)		 c) Sadducees e) All of them
b) Pharisees d) Zealots & Sicarii
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   1. The Teacher of Righteousness completed the interpretation of the Law.
   2. Most cooperative with Hellenistic civilization and Roman occupation.
   3. Most of them lived in community, under religious discipline, observing celibacy, awaiting and preparing for the imminent Day of the Lord.
 

 4. Greatly stressed written Torah but also the Oral Torah or interpretive Tradition.

 

 5. Reverenced and believed in the Torah.
   6. Believed Israel was a chosen people, the elect of God.
   7. Most militantly opposed to the Gentile powers in the land of Israel.
   8. Considered their interpretation of Judaism to be the correct one.
   9. The Temple Priesthood
  10. War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness
  11. Favored a highly developed halakah (oral tradition of interpretation of the Torah) with detailed application of the Law to life (later written-down in the Mishna and Gemara of the Talmud).
  12. Expected two Messiahs—one from the House of Aaron, a Messianic Priest, and one from the House of David, a Messianic King—as well as the Prophet foretold by Moses (Deut 18:18).
  13. Greatly stressed keeping of the Sabbath, payment of Temple dues and tithes, and also requirements of ritual (legal) purity to keep apart from Gentiles.
 

14. Favored the building of a Temple City in their plans to renew the Temple.
  15. Slew fellow Jews who talked of surrender in time of rebellion.
  16. Conservative theologically; resisted expansion of religious law.
  17. Strongly believed in the afterlife, resurrection of the just, devils and angels; supported synagogues.
 

18. Did not believe in the afterlife, resurrection of the just, devils or angels, since these were not in the written Torah.

 

19. Had a comparatively weak or dim eschatological sense or messianic hope.

  20. "Separated Ones" (Perushim), avoiding Gentiles and sinners (non-observant Jews).
  21. Known as "dagger-carriers" because of their assassination tactics.
  22. Characteristically "built a fence around the Law" (masorah) to protect the substance of the Law from any possible, even unconscious violation; hence they often extended or enlarged upon religious law.
 

23. Revered Temple worship and sacrificial cult in principle, but withdrew support from the Temple because they considered it to be in corrupt hands.
  24. Probably the most popular group at the time of Jesus.
  25. Wrote The Manual of Discipline.
  26. Often belonged to wealthy, aristocratic Jerusalem families.
  27. Jesus' disciple Judas Iscariot may have been one of them.
  28. Although they did not separate themselves from the wider society, they were able to make this compromise by especially stressing the maintenance of legal purity through ritual bathing (mikvah).
  29. Ended up committing mass suicide at Masada rather than allowing themselves to fall into the hands of the besieging Romans.
  30. Employed passive resistance against the Herods and the Romans—later came to be centered at Jamnia (Javneh).