405. ROME: CITY OF EMPERORS, POPES, AND SAINTS  3 cr.  History and culture of the city of Rome from the classical and imperial age to the sixteenth century.  Focus on the institutions and historical figures that have been prominent in the shaping of the city and its history.  Highlighted by a one-week, on-site learning tour of Rome during spring break.

406. MEDIEVAL SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS  3 cr.  Various forces at work in the development of the political, religious, and cultural institutions of the Middle Ages from 500 to 1500.

411. RENAISSANCE EUROPE  3 cr.  Political, intellectual, and cultural developments in Renaissance Italy.  The movement of Renaissance culture into Northern Europe, emphasizing the continuity and differences with the Italian Renaissance.

412. REFORMATION EUROPE  3 cr.  Breakup of the unity of Christendom.  Emphasis on the major
Protestant Reform movements (Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism) and the Catholic Reformation.

415. EARLY MODERN FRANCE 3 cr.  Development of the French monarchy from Francis I to Louis XV; the effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment on French society.

416. EARLY MODERN ENGLAND  3 cr.  Political, social, economic, religious, and cultural development of England from the War of the Roses through the Glorious Revolution.

417. FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON  3 cr.  Enlightenment and the Old Regime; Jacobinism; social revolution; impact of the revolution on Europe and the world.

431. TOPICS IN COLONIAL AMERICAN HISTORY 3 cr.  Social, political, religious, economic, and cultural development of England’s North American colonies from first settlement to mid‑eighteenth century.

432. AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY ERA  3 cr.  The Revolution as a colonial war for independence and as a struggle for reform within America.  Examines achievement of these goals as a new nation created.

433. TOPICS IN THE EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC, 1789‑1828  3 cr.  Social, cultural, political, and economic development of the United States from the beginning of Constitutional government to the election of Jackson.

436. ANTEBELLUM U.S.  3 cr.  United States history from 1815 until 1861.  Focus on social and cultural issues, including women’s lives, Indian cultures, economic developments, social reform movements, political culture, slavery and the South, and the origins of the Civil War.

437. EARLY AMERICAN CULTURE 3 cr.  Intellectual and cultural history of the British mainland colonies and the United States, 1600-1865.  Topics include religious developments, regionalism, popular culture, and American-European cultural relations.

438. THE UNITED STATES, 1850-1877 3 cr.  Social and political origins of the Civil War in the Old North and Old South, the secession crisis, military strategy, soldiers’ lives, leadership, the home front, women’s experiences, emancipation, and political and social reconstruction.

440. POLITICS AND REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA, 1877-1945 3 cr.  Social and political changes subsequent to and in response to the development of the U.S. as an industrial and urban nation and as a world military power.