442. UNITED STATES SINCE 1945  3 cr.  Significant events and trends of the post‑World War II period.  Origins of the Cold War, McCarthyism, the civil rights and women’s movements, the Vietnam War, and recent developments in foreign and domestic policies.

445. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND  3 cr.  Cleveland’s development in the context of urban history.  Students explore the city’s historical resources to produce significant historical research.

447. UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY  3 cr.  Development of the American constitutional system and interaction with other strands of the nation’s history, including political, social, economic, and religious. Focus on decisions of the Supreme Court.

452. MODERN JAPANESE HISTORY  3 cr.  Japan’s rise as a world power, from the late Tokugawa Era (nineteenth century) to its postwar comeback. (HS 381 suggested as preparation, but not required.)

453. MODERN CHINESE HISTORY  3 cr.  Political, cultural, social, and economic changes in China from the arrival of Westerners through the post‑Mao era. (HS 382 suggested as preparation, but not required.)

456. RELATIONS OF THE PACIFIC RIM  3 cr.  International, military, economic, and social relations among the cultures and nations of the Pacific Rim.  Focus on the relations, cultures, and nations of the Northern and Western Pacific.

464. GENOCIDE AND HUMAN RIGHTS 3 cr.  Examines the period from the First World War to the end of the twentieth century.  Close study of the evolution of the concept of human rights through classic international writings and case studies in human-rights violations.  Focus on social, political, economic, and cultural factors in the perpetration of mass killing and genocide, and on the development of human rights protection.

473. THE THIRD REICH:  ORIGINS, STRUCTURES, CONSEQUENCES  3 cr.  Turbulent German circumstances resulting from the Revolutions of 1918‑19, the rise of the Nazi Party, establishment of the Nazi state, and the politics of race and genocide.  Examines ways that postwar historians have approached the rise of National Socialism and the controversy over the singularity of Nazi crimes against humanity.

474. GERMANY SINCE 1945: RECONSTRUCTION TO REUNIFICATION  3 cr.  History of East and West Germany from the collapse of Nazism.  Occupation, denazification, and reconstruction; integration into rival Cold War alliances.  Social and economic security, political stability, and cultural criticism in the West; East Germany as the showcase of the Eastern bloc under state socialism from the 1960s through the 1980s.  The “Revolution of 1989,” reunification, its social and economic costs, and the European response; reflections on the Nazi and Stalinist pasts.

476. IN THE NAME OF THE INCAS: FROM IMPERIAL SPLENDOR TO COLONIAL COLLAPSE AND MESSIANIC RETURNS 3 cr.  Incas’ imperial splendor and subsequent collapse as a result of the Spanish conquest.  The role of the Incas as a utopian model of social organization among the native peoples of the Andean region.

488. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION, 1900 TO THE PRESENT  3 cr.  Russia’s turbulent history since 1900.  Fall of tsarism, Bolshevik seizure of power and creation of the Soviet Union, Leninism and Stalinism, Second World War and Cold War, Gorbachev’s reforms, collapse of the USSR, and post‑Soviet developments.

489. RUSSIAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS 3 cr.  In a global context, the governmental and cultural relationships between the United States and the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and Russia and the post-Soviet successor states, from the late eighteenth century to the present.

495‑497. SPECIAL TOPICS  1‑3 cr.  Topics: 495: American; 496: European; 497: Asian, African or Latin American. Specific title and number of credits announced in the semester course schedule.