469. HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS  3 cr.  Prerequisite: MT 341.  Study of mathematics from its origins to its present state.  Topics include the development and impact of geometry,  algebra, number theory, irrational numbers, analytic geometry, calculus, non‑Euclidean geometry, and infinite sets.

478. FORMAL LANGUAGES  3 cr.  Prerequisites: MT 341 or MT 379 or equivalent. Finite and push‑down automata and Turing machines. Regular languages, context‑free grammars, recursive and recursively enumerable languages. Other topics chosen from Church’s thesis, Gödel numbering, decidability, and recursive functions.

479. COMBINATORICS AND GRAPH THEORY  3 cr.  Prerequisite: MT 341 or 342 or 379. Pigeonhole principle, inclusion and exclusion, recurrence relations and generating functions, combinatorial designs, the theory of graphs, graphical optimization problems.

480. SPECIAL TOPICS  cr. TBA.  Reading, reports on, and investigation of selected material and topics.

501. MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES  3 cr.  Topics selected from set theory, cardinality, axiomatic and constructive approaches to the number systems, algebraic structures.

502. DISCRETE MATHEMATICS  3 cr.  Matrices, graph theory, iterative processes, game theory, and applications.

503. MODERN GEOMETRY  3 cr.  Euclidean and non‑Euclidean geometries.  Axiomatic, transformational, and metric approaches to geometry.

504. CURVES, SURFACES AND SPACE  3 cr.  Examination of the topology and geometry of two, three, and four-dimensional spaces.  Visualization and classification of mathematical spaces.  Shape and curvature of the universe.

505. TOPICS IN CALCULUS  3 cr.  Alternative approaches to selected topics in the traditional calculus course. Designed for the teacher of calculus who wishes to deepen and broaden his/her understanding of this area.

507. STATISTICAL LITERACY 3  cr.  Graphical approach to data analysis, probability, art and techniques of simulation, surveys and information from samples, confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses.  Emphasis is on material applicable to the high school curriculum.

509. GREAT MOMENTS IN MATHEMATICS  3 cr.  Survey of some of the more important historical developments in the history of mathematics, with emphasis on those with connections to the secondary curriculum.

510. MATHEMATICAL POTPOURRI  3 cr.  Topics in and about mathematics, including famous problems, enrichment and appreciation material, and the use of these topics in the high-school curriculum.

512. TECHNOLOGY IN THE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS  3 cr.  Seminar/lab course in the use of graphing calculators and computer software in teaching high school mathematics. Students will collaborate in developing classroom and laboratory activities for use in the secondary curriculum.

513. COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR HIGH-SCHOOL TEACHERS  3 cr.  Introduction to programming, algorithms and data structures.  Covers material included in the high school Advanced Placement Computer Science course (AB level) and other topics as time permits.

514. PROBLEMS IN MATHEMATICS  3 cr.  Old and new problems from various areas of mathematics, chosen to be applicable to co‑curricular high school activities such as mathematics clubs and contests.