405. ROME: CITY OF EMPERORS, POPES, AND SAINTS  3 cr.  History and culture of the city of Rome from the classical and imperial age to the sixteenth century.  Focus on the institutions and historical figures that have been prominent in the shaping of the city and its history.  Highlighted by a one-week, on-site learning tour of Rome during spring break.

406. MEDIEVAL SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS  3 cr.  Various forces at work in the development of the political, religious, and cultural institutions of the Middle Ages from 500 to 1500.

411. RENAISSANCE EUROPE  3 cr.  Political, intellectual, and cultural developments in Renaissance Italy.  The movement of Renaissance culture into Northern Europe, emphasizing the continuity and differences with the Italian Renaissance.

412. REFORMATION EUROPE  3 cr.  Breakup of the unity of Christendom.  Emphasis on the major
Protestant Reform movements (Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism) and the Catholic Reformation.

415. EARLY MODERN FRANCE 3 cr.  Development of the French monarchy from Francis I to Louis XV; the effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment on French society.

416. EARLY MODERN ENGLAND  3 cr.  Political, social, economic, religious, and cultural development of England from the War of the Roses through the Glorious Revolution.

417. FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON  3 cr.  Enlightenment and the Old Regime; Jacobinism; social revolution; impact of the revolution on Europe and the world.

431. TOPICS IN COLONIAL AMERICAN HISTORY 3 cr.  Social, political, religious, economic, and cultural development of England’s North American colonies from first settlement to mid‑eighteenth century.

432. AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY ERA  3 cr.  The Revolution as a colonial war for independence and as a struggle for reform within America.  Examines achievement of these goals as a new nation created.

433. TOPICS IN THE EARLY AMERICAN REPUBLIC, 1789‑1828  3 cr.  Social, cultural, political, and economic development of the United States from the beginning of Constitutional government to the election of Jackson.

436. ANTEBELLUM U.S.  3 cr.  United States history from 1815 until 1861.  Focus on social and cultural issues, including women’s lives, Indian cultures, economic developments, social reform movements, political culture, slavery and the South, and the origins of the Civil War.

437. EARLY AMERICAN CULTURE 3 cr.  Intellectual and cultural history of the British mainland colonies and the United States, 1600-1865.  Topics include religious developments, regionalism, popular culture, and American-European cultural relations.

438. THE UNITED STATES, 1850-1877 3 cr.  Social and political origins of the Civil War in the Old North and Old South, the secession crisis, military strategy, soldiers’ lives, leadership, the home front, women’s experiences, emancipation, and political and social reconstruction.

440. POLITICS AND REFORM IN INDUSTRIAL AMERICA, 1877-1945 3 cr.  Social and political changes subsequent to and in response to the development of the U.S. as an industrial and urban nation and as a world military power.

442. UNITED STATES SINCE 1945  3 cr.  Significant events and trends of the post‑World War II period.  Origins of the Cold War, McCarthyism, the civil rights and women’s movements, the Vietnam War, and recent developments in foreign and domestic policies.

445. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND  3 cr.  Cleveland’s development in the context of urban history.  Students explore the city’s historical resources to produce significant historical research.

447. UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY  3 cr.  Development of the American constitutional system and interaction with other strands of the nation’s history, including political, social, economic, and religious. Focus on decisions of the Supreme Court.

452. MODERN JAPANESE HISTORY  3 cr.  Japan’s rise as a world power, from the late Tokugawa Era (nineteenth century) to its postwar comeback. (HS 381 suggested as preparation, but not required.)

453. MODERN CHINESE HISTORY  3 cr.  Political, cultural, social, and economic changes in China from the arrival of Westerners through the post‑Mao era. (HS 382 suggested as preparation, but not required.)

456. RELATIONS OF THE PACIFIC RIM  3 cr.  International, military, economic, and social relations among the cultures and nations of the Pacific Rim.  Focus on the relations, cultures, and nations of the Northern and Western Pacific.

464. GENOCIDE AND HUMAN RIGHTS 3 cr.  Examines the period from the First World War to the end of the twentieth century.  Close study of the evolution of the concept of human rights through classic international writings and case studies in human-rights violations.  Focus on social, political, economic, and cultural factors in the perpetration of mass killing and genocide, and on the development of human rights protection.

473. THE THIRD REICH:  ORIGINS, STRUCTURES, CONSEQUENCES  3 cr.  Turbulent German circumstances resulting from the Revolutions of 1918‑19, the rise of the Nazi Party, establishment of the Nazi state, and the politics of race and genocide.  Examines ways that postwar historians have approached the rise of National Socialism and the controversy over the singularity of Nazi crimes against humanity.

474. GERMANY SINCE 1945: RECONSTRUCTION TO REUNIFICATION  3 cr.  History of East and West Germany from the collapse of Nazism.  Occupation, denazification, and reconstruction; integration into rival Cold War alliances.  Social and economic security, political stability, and cultural criticism in the West; East Germany as the showcase of the Eastern bloc under state socialism from the 1960s through the 1980s.  The “Revolution of 1989,” reunification, its social and economic costs, and the European response; reflections on the Nazi and Stalinist pasts.

476. IN THE NAME OF THE INCAS: FROM IMPERIAL SPLENDOR TO COLONIAL COLLAPSE AND MESSIANIC RETURNS 3 cr.  Incas’ imperial splendor and subsequent collapse as a result of the Spanish conquest.  The role of the Incas as a utopian model of social organization among the native peoples of the Andean region.

488. RUSSIA IN REVOLUTION, 1900 TO THE PRESENT  3 cr.  Russia’s turbulent history since 1900.  Fall of tsarism, Bolshevik seizure of power and creation of the Soviet Union, Leninism and Stalinism, Second World War and Cold War, Gorbachev’s reforms, collapse of the USSR, and post‑Soviet developments.

489. RUSSIAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS 3 cr.  In a global context, the governmental and cultural relationships between the United States and the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and Russia and the post-Soviet successor states, from the late eighteenth century to the present.

495‑497. SPECIAL TOPICS  1‑3 cr.  Topics: 495: American; 496: European; 497: Asian, African or Latin American. Specific title and number of credits announced in the semester course schedule.

498. INTERNSHIP 1-6 cr.  Permission of chair required; open to majors only; 2.7 average in major courses required.  No more than 3 credits may be applied to the major.  Supervised work, typically in museums, archives, public history sites or agencies, relevant to major sequence of study.  Journal and reflective paper required in addition to work responsibilities.  Internships must be planned in advance with supervising faculty member.

500. SPECIAL TOPICS  3 cr.  Readings or research in topics not covered by the regularly offered graduate courses. See course schedule for topics.

501. SEMINAR: READINGS IN LATIN AMERICAN HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

511. SEMINAR: READINGS IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN EUROPE  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

521. SEMINAR: READINGS IN MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

531. SEMINAR: READINGS IN EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

541. SEMINAR: READINGS IN MODERN AMERICAN HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

551. SEMINAR: READINGS IN PREMODERN ASIAN HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

561. SEMINAR: READINGS IN MODERN ASIAN HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

571. SEMINAR: READINGS IN EASTERN EUROPEAN HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

581. SEMINAR: READINGS IN RUSSIAN/SOVIET HISTORY  3 cr.  See course schedule for topics.

595‑597. RESEARCH SEMINAR  3 cr.  Topics:  595: American; 596: European; 597: Asian, African or Latin American.  Specific title announced in the semester course schedule.

599. MASTER’S THESIS  6 cr. upon approval.