Session A - Room E 130

9:30

A CTA can be extinguished following repeated, non-reinforced exposures to the conditioned stimulus (CS). SR of a CTA (a revival of the taste avoidance) occurs after a latency period in which the CS is not presented. This study investigated the optimal length of time needed to obtain spontaneous recovery.

9:45

Choline’s effect on Spatial Ability and Recovery of Function after Fornix Lesioning in the Rat DAVID A DOBBINS, dobbinda@westminster.edu, Westminster College

Choline supplementation on spatial ability and recovery of function were examined. Forty-six rat pups were used; 16 received a high-dose of choline, 16 received a low-dose of choline, and 14 controls. A high-dose of choline increased spatial ability and recovery, and a low-dose of choline decreased spatial ability and recovery.

10:00

Effects of Haloperidol on Locomotor Activity ASHLEE MCELWAIN ashbee00@yahoo.comand and SARAH MORGAN, smorgan@muskingum.edu Muskingum College

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of haloperidol on locomotor activity. Male rats were injected with haloperidol or placebo daily for fourteen days and behaviorally tested on day 4, 9 and 13 for locomotor activity in an open field. Haloperidol treated animals showed a decrease in activity and rearing.

10:15

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the frontal lobe on incentive memory.  A radial arm maze task with two levels of reward measured behaviors of the animals.  The results suggest that the frontal lobe is instrumental in choice behavior.

10:30

Diminishing Effects of Drug-induced Place Preference in Rats  BILL MEYER,wmeyer@muskingum.edu and CRYSTAL KOZORA, ckozora@muskingum.edu, Muskingum College

This study was designed to investigate whether the strength of a drug-induced place preference decreases over time. The results demonstrated that as a preference for the drug associated place decreased a preference for wood shavings bedding appeared.

Session B - Room E 134

9:30

The Effects of College Life Stress on Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony AMBER ZAHLER; lexi@zahler.us AMBER MCPHERSON;, aammbbeerr22@aol.com Ursuline College

This experiment investigated the effects of college life stress on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. In order to determine this, scores on a stress scale developed specifically for college students were compared to eyewitness accuracy test scores. Stress scores did not significantly affect eyewitness accuracy scores.

9:45

Guilty or Not Guilty: The Effect of Ethnicity on a Jury's Verdict CHRISTIE JACK, cjack05@jcu.edu MARIAN BENDER, mbender05@jcu.edu SUZANNE BARDASZ, sbardasz05@jcu.edu John Carroll University

The present study explored the effects of ethnicity on jurors’ decisions. The study investigated whether a defendant of Middle Eastern descent would render more guilty verdicts than a Caucasian. Participants read scripts and answered questions about the defendant’s guilt or innocence, the confidence of their verdict, and the defendant’s ethnicity.

10:00

Knowledge of Word Meanings and Racial Background VALIA GLOVER, TOYA JACKSON, STEPHANIE MCDUFFIE and LIAKITA WILLIAMS, Cuyahoga Community College

Whites and Blacks were tested for their knowledge of the meanings of words used to estimate vocabulary knowledge on standard IQ tests and for their knowledge of words and phrases common to contemporary Black American usage. Whites and Blacks were also tested for their ability to process information made equally available to each group by testing their recognition memory for unfamiliar faces. Whites and Blacks were equally able to process new information on a face recognition test and word knowledge varied with culture.

10:15

A Cross Cultural Comparison of Personality Measures for Greek and American College Students  KENDRA M. WEST KENDLE, kwest@muskingum.edu., Muskingum College

This study is designed to examine the differences in risk perception between cultures.  Subjects are recruited from American College of Thessaloniki, Greece (n = 54) and Muskingum College, New Concord, OH (n= 62).  The major hypothesis is that Greek students will achieve lower scores on a risk perception measure. Preliminary analysis of the data indicate statistical support for the experimental hypothesis.

10:30

The Susceptibility to False Memory After Visual, Auditory, and Mixed Modality Presentation of Word Lists  DEVAYANI WINTRODE, wintrodm@westminster.edu, Westminster College

The ability to retrieve words presented visually, auditorally, or in both modalities based on the elaboration of the sensory qualities of the memory trace was investigated.  The susceptibility to false memory was also measured across modalities to determine if there was an effect of modality on false memory.

Session C - Room E138

9:30

Reconciliation and Consolation in Two Captive Groups of Brown Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella)  SARAH M. BAKER, bakersm@hiram.edu and KIMBERLEY A. PHILLIPS, phillipsk@hiram.edu, Hiram College

Reconciliation and consolation was examined in two captive colonies of brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Data from 20 mild aggressive interactions were collected using the post-conflict/matched control method. No significant difference was seen between the amount of time engaged in affiliative contact between the PC and MC periods for either the victims and aggressors or for victims and a third party.

9:45

Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Meal Predictability in Captive Capuchins (Cebus apella)  MARJORIE J. ULYAN, ulyanmj@hiram.edu ANNE E. BURROWS, burrowsae@hiram.edu and COURTNEY BUZZELL, , buzzellca@hiram.edu Hiram College and MARY ANN RAGHANTI, mraghant@kent.edu and J.L. MARCINKIEWICZ, Kent State University

Capuchins (Cebus apella) were fed on a predictable feeding schedule followed by an unpredictable schedule. The effects were determined by looking at behavior and cortisol concentrations. The predictable schedule showed greater instances of foraging, social activity, and proximity. Cortisol concentrations were greater during the unpredictable phase, suggesting that a predictable schedule may be best for this colony of capuchins.

10:00

Attractiveness: A Matter of Pheromones MAYA SIMEK, Msimek04@jcu.edu, TESIA DILLS, TARA YOUNG, and HALSEY HEINSELMAN, John Carroll University

The present study investigated the effects of a synthesized pheromone on sexual attractiveness. The study employed a double blind paradigm using a male waiter in a restaurant scenario. The study expects to find a significant increase in attractiveness ratings reported by females when the waiter is wearing the pheromone.

10:15

The Effect of Physical Attractiveness on Tipping Habits. MAURA MCCAFFERTY, Mmccafferty04@jcu.edu, REBECCA KOSTYACK, SAMANTHA TOMSICK, JEFFERY M. SNITZER, KATE CRIMMONS, ROBIN ADAMS, John Carroll University

Previous research has indicated that level of attractiveness can affect perceived overall character. The present experiment examines the effect of attractiveness on tipping behaviors by simulating a restaurant atmosphere and administering a questionnaire on tipping. It is hypothesized that as attractiveness increases the percentage of tip will also increase.

10:30

The Effect of Learning Proactive Coping Skills on Stressors in the First Year College Transition AMANDA RIES riesa@westminster.edu, Westminister College

The study suggested that proactive coping could be taught to students to improve adaptation to college.  First year students were pre-tested on college adaptation and placed into experimental groups, then a posttest was conducted.  Gender was found to be an effect, and there were trends suggesting proactive coping may increase adjustment in women. 

Session D - Room W139

9:30

Hypocrisy: The Behavior of The Actor or The Eye of The Beholder? JENNICA WEBSTER jraeweb@bgnet.bgsu.edu, Bowling Green State University,

Each of 47 respondents (R) were asked to read four short vignettes depicting an actor (A) behaving in a manner inconsistent with his/her previously stated attitudes.  This (inconsistent) action led to one of four possible outcomes: A benefited while R was harmed; A and R both benefited; A was harmed, but R benefited; or, both A and R were harmed.  After reading each vignette R was asked to judge the degree of hypocrisy in A’s behavior as well as to make judgments of A’s intelligence, adjustment, morality, and knowledge of current events.  Finally, they were asked to indicate their degree of liking for A and their desire to work with him/her.

9:45

School Uniform Policies: Do they Engender Compliance or Fully-Devoted Followers?  LYNSEY PERRY, s1362505@cedarville.edu, SUZANNE SMITH, suzieqsmith@cedarville.edu, Cedarville University

Our project used the qualitative research method in order to study the effects of implementing a uniform policy in two Christian schools. We used participant observation and in-depth interviews as our primary data collect methods. The results showed that school uniform policies cultivate benefits for schools, parents, and students.

10:00

The Relation of Children’s Emotionality, Regulation and Behavioral Style to Their Responses to Peer Provocation HEIDI HASKI, haskih@westminster.edu Westminster College

This study examines the relationship between behavioral style (aggressive, prosocial, and withdrawn), emotional competence and children’s behavioral responses towards hypothetical scenarios involving peer conflict.  4th - 5th grade children rated scenarios for emotional perceptions and selected behavioral strategies to deal with the described conflict.  The classroom teachers evaluated emotional competence and behavioral style of each child.

10:15

Teaching Verbal Behavior to Autistics Using the Assessment of BasicLanguage and Learning Skills (ABLLS) ANDREA GILLENWATER, s1208057@cedarville.edu, Cedarville University

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the curriculum developed by Partington and Sundberg (1998) in teaching verbal behavior to children with autism. For the past four years, this program has been used to teach and track skill acquisition in nine-year-old autistic male, Freddy.  For the past ten months I have conducted a single-subject repeated observation, training, and assessment using the ABLLS method.  The terms/methods of training and assessment as defined by Partington and Sundberg will be explained, as well as Freddy’s assessment scores described in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of this behavioral language intervention’s design.

10:30

The Impact of Media on Preschoolers' Perception of Acceptable Body Types REBECCA TRIEST, triestr@kenyon.edu, and LINDA SMOLAK, smolak@kenyon.edu, Kenyon College

This study examined how restrictive preschoolers’ conception of acceptable body types are and whether media exposure influences this.  Preliminary analyses indicate that children prefer figures which are significantly thinner than average and find figures that are significantly larger than average unacceptable.  Additional data are being collected which will facilitate an examination of the impact of the target television shows on children’s views of acceptable body types.

Session E - Room E130

1:15

Predictors of Self Esteem: An Analysis of Early Sexual Experiences, Religiosity, and Social Support ERIN J. LEA, Elea05@jcu.edu, John Carroll University

This study focuses on the effects of consensual early sexual experience, analyzed by social support and intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity.  A multiple regression analysis performed on 50 undergraduate students, found that while age of first sexual experience was not a good indicator of self esteem, social support and religiosity were.

1:30

Age, Attire, Alcohol Consumption as Predictors in Attribution of Responsibility in Rape Scenarios MARISSA D. KENT, rissykent@hotmail.com, Muskingum College

This research examines the possible links between gender and age bias toward female victims in rape case scenarios based on the victim’s attire and amount of alcohol consumption.  A fictitious rape case scenario was altered to create four similar rape cases by using the victim’s clothing and the amount of alcohol consumed as the independent variables. Analysis of variance and correlational analyses have yielded statistical support for several of the experimental hypotheses.

1:45

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Youth Identity Development and Related Risk Factors of Suicide ANGELA BRENO, brenoa@ohiodominican.edu, and VALERIE STATON, statonv@ohiodominican.edu, Ohio Dominican

Research on the suicidality among gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youth has varied (Faulkner & Cranston, 1998; Walker, 2001).  Overall, an increased risk of suicide attempts is apparent in GLB youth (Bagley & Tremblay, 1997). The current study investigates the role of homosexual identity formation in GLB suicidality.

2:00

Development & Pilot Study of MASAA: The Measurement of Adolescent Sexual Activities & Attitudes  JENNIFER FEENEY, feeneyj@kenyon.edu and DANA KRIEG,  Kenyon College

Adolescent romantic and sexual relationships are typically viewed as casual and risky, which is not a comprehensive picture. The sexual experiences young people have are central to their identity and future relationships. Previously used assessments are outdated or incomplete therefore a measure was developed to assess adolescent sexual behavior and attitudes.

2:15

The Effects of Massage on Cravings and Body Image  KATHRINE S. HOAM, khoam@mvnu.edu, Mount Vernon Nazarene University

Forty female undergraduate students participated in a between-subjects design studying the effects of massage on food cravings and body image. It was predicted that participants who received a 5-minute massage would experience lower cravings and higher body satisfaction than control participants. Results supported the cravings hypothesis but failed to support the body satisfaction hypothesis.

Session F - Room E 134

1:15

Mastication (Gum Chewing) Does Not Enhance Performance on Tests of Attention CARRIE WILSON, cwilson@ashland.edu, Ashland University

Wilkinson et al. (2002) reported that gum chewing enhanced memory, but not attention.  This study investigated whether mastication would enhance different tasks of attention.  Subjects participated in the Stroop and Spotlight Attention Tasks while chewing and not chewing gum. Similar to previous reports, our results suggest that mastication does not enhance performance on attention tasks.

1:30

Our Minds and Music ABBY LAUSIN, alausin@ursuline.edu,and MICHELLE OLIVER, moliver@ursuline.edu, Ursaline College

Thirty participants served as subjects in the examination of the effects of music on math and spatial reasoning. Participants were asked to listen to four auditory stimuli on four different occasions and had to complete a math and spatial reasoning task. There was a tremendous facilitory effect of classical music on the scores.

1:45

The Influence of Emotion on Spatial and Verbal Working Memory: Completing the N-back Task Under Varying Degrees of Cognitive Load RACHEL SMITH, smithre@westminster.edu, Westminster College

This experiment examined the integration of emotion and cognition. Participants completed the n-back task of working memory under varying degrees of cognitive load in different affective states. Results revealed interactions with gender and also that cognitive load plays an active role in mediating the effect of emotion on cognitive performance.

2:00

The Effects of Familiarity of Musical Scales on the Generation of Melodic Prototypes  NATHAN ZUZACK, zuzackna@westminster.edu, Westminster College

Reaction time and accuracy measures of musically untrained undergraduate students’ performance on an auditory classification task did not support hypotheses that cognitive prototypes are formed more easily in a familiar musical context than in an unfamiliar musical context.

2:15

The Spatial Relativity of Language: Language Abilities Acquired From the Use of American Sign Language NATHANIEL E. DODDS, doddsne@westminster.edu, Westminster College

Spatial and phonetic arrays were created to determine if the hearing impaired (HI) have adapted spatial reading cues from the use of American Sign Language. Results suggest that          the HI negatively diverge from the Hearing (H) on        phonetic arrays, and in addition near positive divergence from the H on spatial arrays.

Session G - Room E138

1:15

The Influence of Cognitive Load and Gender on Affect in Jealousy Situations TIFFANIE R. SCILLA, scillatr@westminster.edu, Westminster College

 Gender differences and effects of cognitive load, when focusing on emotional reactions to different categories of jealousy-provoking situations were examined. Cognitive load was manipulated, and upset levels and reaction times were measured. All participants reported highest upset levels for sexual jealousy in both load levels. Overall, women reported higher upset levels than men. As upset level increased, reaction time decreased.

1:30

The Examination of Mock Aggression Behaviors and Two Variables:Communication Apprehension and Gender EMILIE GEISSLER, S1319361@cedarville.edu, Cedarville University

This study used two self-report instruments to examine correlations between mock aggression and two variables, communication apprehension and gender. The first hypothesis proposed a negative correlation between mock aggression and apprehension. The second hypothesis proposed that males would use more mock aggression than females. The findings support the hypotheses proposed.

1:45

Letter Writing as a Facilitator of Forgiveness: Are There Immediate Effects? JENNIFER GOODPASTER, jxg97@po.cwru.edu; JULIE JUOLA EXLINE jaj20@po.cwru.edu; and AMY KRAFT, axk109@po.cwru.edu Case Western Reserve University,

Research has shown positive effects of expressive letter writing on both physical and mental health (Lepore & Smyth, 2002). Thus, we sought to examine the influence of letter writing on forgiveness. Questionnaires from 88 undergraduate students were collected, and the immediate levels of change in forgiveness after completing a letter writing exercise were assessed.  Results suggested little difference in forgiveness between the four conditions.

2:00

Religion and Student-athletes' Social Choices MARYND YOCUM, myocum@bw.edu, Baldwin-Wallace College

There is little research about religion’s influence in college athletes’ lives. Data from a three-year study (n = 485) investigated whether religious participation affected college athletes’ social behaviors and perceptions. Results suggest religious athletes drink and party less, perceive others to drink less, and spend more time doing campus activities

2:15

An Investigation into the Relationship Between Burnout and Spirituality in Hospice Staff SARAH A. SKALA, SkalaSA@hiram.edu, LAUREN M. WASSON, and ALLYSON S. GRAF, Hiram College

The current study examined burnout in hospice. One hundred sixty-three participants completed measures of burnout, mental health, stressors, spirituality, and demographics. Current results suggest that participants were not emotionally exhausted, or unfeeling toward patients. Participants reported decreased personal accomplishment, and psychological distress. Psychological health, demographic factors, and spirituality contributed to burnout.

Session H - Room W139

1:15

Yoga and The Perceived Stress Level of College Students SARAH HAMILTON, hamiltonse@muc.edu; AUDRA LEE,  leeam@muc.edu; CAITLIN MILLER, , millerci@muc.edu; and BRANDY WARNER, warnerbl@muc.edu

Mount Union College

The aim of this study was to examine the effects yoga has on perceived levels of stress in college students. Yoga sessions were offered four times a week for six consecutive weeks. The revised stress scale allowed subjects to rate their perceived stress levels on the day it was taken. Yoga had a significant effect on perceived levels of stress. There was no significant relationship between the number of times a participant came to the yoga sessions and their level of perceived stress

1:30

The Effects of Emotion Regulation through Talking on Math Anxiety and Math Test Performance Damaris Wallace, , Westminster College

Emotion regulation talking was examined and evaluated in 48 college women for math anxiety and performance.  The Necessary Arithmetic Operations test, Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale and the Multiple Affect Checklist—R were used in the study.  Results revealed that the positive reappraisal talking group performed better on the math tests.

1:45

The Effects of Life Events by Age on College Students’ Adjustment ELISA COLANGELO, ecolangelo04@jcu.edu, IFE ASHABO, and FRANK KENNER, John Carroll University

This study investigated college students who underwent disruptive life events. Students reported the death or severe illness of immediate family members, parental divorce, or if they were victims of domestic or sexual abuse. Using the College Adjustment Scale (CAS), we found a negative correlation between disruptive life events and college adjustment.

2:00

Effects of Environmental Factors on the Health Of College Students Kristen Robinson, kerobinson04@jcu.edu, John Carroll University

In a correlational study examining the effects of environmental factors on health, participants completed a series of computerized surveys, followed by a brief health questionnaire.  Analysis showed a significant high correlation between locus of control and health, but no such correlation between college adjustment, social support, or loneliness.

2:15

The Effect of Social Comparison on Self-Perception of Undergraduate University Student Leaders: Better-Than-Average Phenomenon ETHAN SCOTT FRYE, S1169965@cedarville.edu , Cedarville University

To develop a greater understanding of leader self-perception by focusing on self-perception of general character traits. Ideally, this study will help to develop an understanding of a leader's susceptibility to self-serving bias and better-than-average phenomena.